BIOAKUMULASI LOGAM BERAT TIMBAL (Pb) PADA SPESIES MANGROVE Bruguiera gymnorrhiza DAN Sonneratia caseolaris DI TELUK BENOA, BALI

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystems are unique coastal environments capable of growing in tidal zones and along riverbanks, playing a crucial ecological role. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Sonneratia caseolaris are common mangrove species in estuarine areas, known to absorb heavy metals such as lead (Pb) through their roots. This study evaluated Pb accumulation in sediments and these two mangrove species in Teluk Benoa, Bali, and analyzed their bioaccumulation potential using Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Translocation Factor (TF). Samples of sediments, roots, and fruits were collected from three stations and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed that Pb concentrations in fruits of B. gymnorrhiza reached 32.43 ppm, exceeding the FAO/WHO safe limit of 10 ppm, while S. caseolaris fruits contained lower Pb levels (1.41–12.16 ppm). BCF values for B. gymnorrhiza ranged from 28.03 in roots to 54.56 in fruits, indicating high accumulation, whereas S. caseolaris showed lower BCF (<10). TF analysis revealed that B. gymnorrhiza functions primarily as a phytoextractor, while S. caseolaris acts as a phytostabilizer. These findings highlight the species-specific bioaccumulation patterns, potential risks of biomagnification, and implications for food safety, ecotoxicology, and coastal ecosystem management.