Buletin Veteriner Udayana

EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT AND WELFARE LEVEL OF SAMBAR DEER IN PALANGKA RAYA CAPTIVITY

Asri Pudjirahaju, Heri Sujoko, Siti Ma’rifah — Mon, 02 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) is one of four native deer species in Indonesia that are protected. The conservation status of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in the wild is categorized as an endangered species with the status Vulnerable. One effort to maintain the sustainability of sambar deer is to conduct ex-situ conservation outside its natural habitat. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the management of the implementation of captivity on Jl. Bromo, Bukit Hindu, Jekan Raya, Palangka Raya. Things that need to be evaluated include management aspects of housing, feeding, health care and reproduction as well as the welfare level of Sambar deer in captivity. The requirements for the level of animal welfare are freedom from hunger and thirst, freedom from environmental discomfort, freedom from pain, injury and disease, freedom from fear and stress, and freedom to behave naturally. This study used survey, observation, measurement, interview and literature study methods. The results of the study showed that the level of deer captivity management, in terms of cage management, feed management, and health management, showed a poor category. The animal health biosecurity program has also not been implemented. Only in terms of reproductive management, it is in the good category, because during the 16-year period (2008 to 2024) there was a significant increase in the number of Sambar deer by 45 or an average of 3 per year with a death rate of 2 (4.4%). The birth ratio was 46% male and 54% female. Meanwhile, from the level of animal welfare, it shows that the achievement of the implementation of the welfare of sambar deer in captivity in Palangka Raya City based on the assessment of the five criteria of freedom in animal welfare is in the sufficient category with an average achievement value of 69.5%.

TOTAL ESCHERICHIA COLI IN BROILER FECES AT VARIOUS AGES IN BADUNG REGENCY

Krisis Mariani Buulolo, I Ketut Suada, I Putu Sampurna — Mon, 02 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Broiler chickens are quality meat-producing chickens and are known to the public with various advantages, feces are a food process accompanied by urine and undigested food residues. The purpose of this study is to determine the total number of escherichia coliw bacteria in the feces of broiler chickens of various ages in Badung Regency. This study aims complete random design consisting of 3 location factors, namely Petang District, Abiansemal District, Mengwi District. The broiler chicken feces sample taken is 2-3 grams in each farm. In this study, the culture method of escheriachia coli bacteria uses the spread method on Methene Blue agar eosin media.The sample is characterized by metallic green colonies and black dots in the middle of the colony. The analysis of the data into the Y log before being analyzed to see the number of differences in the number of E. coli bacteria is carried out by variety analysis, if there is a real difference (P<0.05) then it is continued with the Duncan Multiple Distance test. The total research results of Escherichia coli bacteria are 8,973 in the evening of 1-21 days and 8,640 in the evening of 22-35 days and 8,640 in Mengwi District and 8,640 in 1-21 days and 8,640 in 22-35 days and 8,536 in Abiansemal District at the age of 1-21 days and 8,536 in 22-35 days. It can be concluded that the Total Escherichia coli Bacteria in broiler Chicken Feces in Petang District, Mengwi District, Abiansemal District has a very real effect (P<0.05). Further research is needed on humid environmental conditions with different types of cages in broiler chickens.

PATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI BACTERIA INFECTION IN LANDRACE PIGLETS IN ANTIGA KELOD, MANGGIS, KARANGASEM

Mon, 23 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Colibacillosis is a disease caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria. Infected piglets experience weight loss, stunted growth and if not treated immediately will cause death. A 16-day-old Landrace piglet died with clinical signs of weakness and yellowish white diarrhoea for 4 days. The farmer's population was 25 pigs. Epidemiology showed morbidity of 8%, mortality of 4%, and case fatality rate of 50%. Anatomical pathology examination revealed distended intestines with bleeding and hyperaemic lungs. Bacterial culture of lung and intestinal organs showed positive results of gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria. The results of parasitological examination of native, sedimentation and floating methods were negative for protozoan and helminth infections. Histopathology showed congestion, haemorrhage and neutrophil-dominated inflammatory cell infiltration in the intestines and lungs, while the brain, heart and liver were congested. Based on all laboratory examination results, the case pig was diagnosed with colibacillosis. Improved sanitation and biosecurity of the barn and barn environment needs to be routinely carried out.

CHRONIC BACTERIAL RHINITIS IN A DOMESTIC CAT

Mon, 23 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Rhinitis is one of the most common respiratory diseases in cats. Rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa characterized by sneezing, serous to hemorrhagic discharge, and stridor breathing sounds. The purpose of writing this article is to obtain the definitive diagnose and the treatment from anamnesis, clinical symptoms, physical examination, and laboratory examination that were carried out to animal case. The animal case is a 2-year-old male domestic cat weighing 3.29 kg. The owner convey that her pet had been sneezing for 1 month containing yellowish-white discharge, lost voice, and rough breathing. A physical examination was carried out and it was found that the cat had a habit of sneezing, mucopurulent discharge from the nose, dried discharge from the nose, the cat often opened its mouth, stridor breathing sounds, and often meowed hoarsely or even without a sound. The examination was continued with a hematology examination with lymphocytosis results indicating inflammation. Cytology showed neutrophil infiltration in the cat's nasal discharge. Radiographic examination showed a mild bronchial pattern in the lungs. Culture of nasal discharge was positive for Staphylococcus spp. The cat was diagnosed with rhinitis and was treated with the antibiotic Doxycycline hyclate twice daily orally, anti-inflammatory Methylprednisolone once daily orally, mucolytic Bromhexine hcl once daily, and multivitamins once daily. On the 10th day after treatment, the cat was no longer sneezing, had no nasal discharge, and the cat's voice had returned to normal.

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION WITH BRONCHITIS IN DOMESTIC CATS

Shita Amelia, Putu Devi Jayanti, I Putu Gede Yudhi Arjentinia — Mon, 23 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Upper respiratory tract infection (URI) is characterized by irritation and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, often accompanied by clinical signs such as sneezing, mild coughing, and nasal discharge. This case report discusses the anamnesis, clinical examination, and diagnostic findings to establish a definitive diagnosis and appropriate treatment for a 1.5-year-old female domestic cat named Lucy, weighing 2.5 kg. Lucy presented with sneezing persisting for two months, mucopurulent nasal discharge, loss of voice, and stridor during breathing. Hematological analysis revealed leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia, while cytological examination of the nasal discharge showed neutrophilic infiltration. Thoracic radiographs revealed a bronchial pattern in both lung lobes, and nasal discharge culture tested positive for Pasteurella spp. Based on these findings, Lucy was diagnosed with URI accompanied by bronchitis and treated with a combination of Doxycycline hyclate (10 mg/kg orally, once daily), Methylprednisolone (0.5 mg/kg orally, once daily for 7 days), Bromhexine HCl (1 mg/kg orally, once daily until nasal discharge resolved), and a multivitamin (once daily). On the 8th day of therapy, significant improvement was observed, marked by the resolution of sneezing, absence of nasal discharge, and recovery of the cat's voice. This case underscores the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate combination therapy in effectively managing URI and highlights the need for early examination and prompt treatment to prevent complications.

CHRONIC BRONCHOPNEUMONIA IN A LOCAL CAT WITH AIR BRONCHOGRAM

I Kadek Putra Janardana, Sri Kayati Widyastuti, Putu Ayu Sisyawati Putriningsih — Mon, 23 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Bronchopneumonia is an inflammatory condition involving the bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli in the lungs. This article aims to report the management of chronic bronchopneumonia in a 21-month-old male local cat weighing 4.6 kg who had clinical signs of a cold for two months. Clinical signs included mucopurulent nasal discharge and stridor. Initial physical examination showed normal activity, but dry rales were found on lung auscultation. Supportive examinations performed included hematology, cytology of nasal swabs, radiography, and bacterial culture. Hematology revealed lymphocytosis and decreased granulocytes, while swab cytology showed neutrophils. Radiographs indicated bronchial thickening as well as radiopaque patches in the lungs, leading to the diagnosis of chronic bronchopneumonia. Bacterial culture showed infection by Bacillus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. Treatment included antibiotic doxycycline at 10 mg/kg BW for three weeks and anti-inflammatory methylprednisolone at 0.43 mg/kg BW for seven days. Evaluation was carried out for three weeks, showing significant improvement in clinical conditions, including the disappearance of mucopurulent discharge and stridor, as well as normalization of auscultation and radiographic results. At the end of therapy, hematological examination results also showed lymphocyte and granulocyte values within normal limits. The advice for owners is to pay attention to early signs of respiratory distress such as prolonged runny nose, stridor, and mucopurulent discharge. Prompt treatment of the disease can prevent the animal's condition from getting worse, speed up recovery and improve the pet's quality of life.

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF UMBILICAL HERNIA IN A LOCAL CAT

Nethania Liady, I Gusti Agung Gde Putra Pemayun, Anak Agung Gde Jayawardhita — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Umbilical hernia is an anatomical abnormality in which the muscles around the umbilicus fail to close properly, causing part of the intestine or omentum to enter the hernia sac through the abdominal cavity. The purpose of this article is to present a case study of congenital umbilical hernia in cats, including methods of diagnosis, management, and treatment. A 3-month-old male local cat weighing 1.5 kg came with a lump in the abdominal area, accompanied by a ring and mass that could be pushed back in. According to the owner, the lump had been there since the cat was born and continued to grow over time. Based on the results of physical, clinical, and supporting examinations in the form of barium contrast X-rays, the cat was diagnosed with an umbilical hernia which is a congenital disease with a Fausta prognosis. Treatment is carried out by surgically repositioning the contents of the hernia in the form of intestines into the abdominal cavity and suturing. Postoperatively, the antibiotic cefotaxime injection was given, followed by oral antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and topical antibiotic cream. On the 8th day after surgery, the case cat was declared cured with a dry and fused surgical wound, normal appetite, normal defecation and urination. It can be concluded that the surgical procedure and subsequent treatment successfully cured the hernia. Cats with umbilical hernias should be treated as soon as possible to prevent the hernia opening from getting bigger and causing conditions that endanger the cat's health.

MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC MASTITIS DUE TO FUNGAL INFECTION IN MINIATURE PINSCHER DOGS WITH MASTECTOMY METHOD

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Mammary tumors in dogs are often mistaken for mastitis due to their very similar clinical symptoms. The purpose of this article is to provide information on the surgical management of chronic mastitis cases caused by fungal infections through the method of mastectomy. A Miki dog developed a lump in the fourth left mammary gland. Physical examination showed that the mass had a solid consistency. Hematology tests revealed lymphocytosis, microcytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Radiographic examination showed a radiopaque mass in the mammary gland area. Based on the physical examination, clinical signs, hematology, and supported by radiographic findings, the dog was temporarily diagnosed with a mammary tumor, and mastectomy surgery was performed. Postoperative tumor tissue was sent for histopathological examination at the Denpasar Veterinary Center, and the result showed no metastatic tumor cells, but fungal hyphae, macrophages, and lymphocytes were found. The dog was finally diagnosed with chronic mastitis due to a fungal infection. After surgery, the dog was treated with cefotaxime sodium injection (20 mg/kg body weight twice a day) and meloxicam injection (0.2 mg/kg body weight once a day). On the 4th day post-surgery, the treatment continued with cefixime trihydrate (10 mg/kg body weight twice a day for 7 days orally). Additionally, FuFang Ejiao Jiang was given to increase platelet production, 1 ml mixed with food. The wound was cleaned with chlorhexidine, Kenalog ointment was applied, and Enbatic powder was also used. The dog was declared healed on the 9th postoperative day with a dried wound, healed skin, good appetite and drinking, and normal urination and defecation. Biopsy of abnormal tissue is highly recommended to identify the type of tumor for considering therapy plans. However, mastectomy surgery is also necessary in this case because the dog had chronic mastitis, which could contribute to further complications.

ANALYSIS OF MILK QUALITY AND TOTAL PLATE COUNT IN COW MILK TRADED IN YOGYAKARTA CITY AREA

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Ensuring food safety of animal origin is very important. Milk can contain microbial contamination as a result of contamination, poor management, and not implementing sanitary hygiene. Control of the quality of milk traded in the community needs to be carried out, so that safe, healthy, intact, and halal aspects are fulfilled. This study aims to determine the quality and contamination of microbes in cow's milk traded in the Yogyakarta City area. The sample consisted of 14 pasteurized milk and 6 samples of fresh milk. Milk quality testing includes specific gravity, fat content, and lean dry weight tests using Lactoscan^® tools, as well as microbial contamination testing with the Total Plate Count (TPC) test. The data were analyzed descriptively. The results of the analysis of pasteurized milk showed an average specific gravity of 1.0183 g/ml, a fat content of 3.72%, and a dry weight without fat of 5.67%. The results of the analysis of fresh milk showed that the average specific gravity was 1.0187 g/ml, the fat content was 4.53%, and the dry weight without fat was 5.98%. The TPC test on pasteurized milk, 6 samples were not contaminated with bacteria and 8 samples showed an average TPC test result of 3.77x10⁴ CFU/ml. The average TPC test on fresh milk was 0.742x10⁶ CFU/ml. The quality of both milk meets the minimum requirements for specific gravity and fat content but has not met the minimum requirements for dry weight without fat, namely in pasteurized milk according to SNI 01-3951-1995 and fresh milk according to SNI 3141.1:2011. The quality of pasteurized milk and fresh milk meets the maximum requirements for microbial contamination according to SNI 7388:2009. Farmers are required to pay attention to the management aspect, especially feed management so that the specific gravity value and fat content can meet SNI standards.

COINFECTION OF SEVERE TRICHURIOSIS AND COCCIDIOSIS IN A DUROC WEANER PIG

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The presence of gastrointestinal parasites can inhibit the growth of weaning-phase pigs. In addition, gastrointestinal parasites can make pigs more susceptible to other pathogens and even cause death. This case report discusses the co-infection of severe trichuriosis and coccidiosis with secondary Escherichia coli infection in a Duroc weaner pig. Data were collected through anamnesis, epidemiological studies, clinical signs, anatomical pathology and histopathological examinations, and bacteriology and parasitology laboratory examinations. The case animal is a male Duroc pig, 2.5 months old, originating from Sulahan village, Susut sub-district, Bangli regency, Bali. The clinical signs observed were diarrhea with dark feces and decreased appetite. On anatomical pathology examination, 2329 adult Trichuris suis worms were found in the cecum and colon. Changes in the organs included wounds and hemorrhage in the cecum and colon, hemorrhage in the stomach and small intestine, and a singular white spot found on the uneven-colored liver. Histopathological examination showed enteritis hemorrhagis et necroticans, colitis necroticans verminosa, gastritis necroticans, and hepatitis necroticans. Bacteriological examination identified Escherichia coli in the intestine and liver specimens. Qualitative examination of feces revealed T. suis eggs and Eimeria spp. oocysts. According to McMaster's calculations, there were 36,200 eggs per gram (EPG) of T. suis and 15,800 oocysts per gram (OPG) of Eimeria spp. Based on all data, along with the results of laboratory examinations, it can be concluded that the pig was infected with severe trichuriosis and coccidiosis with secondary Escherichia coli infection. Pigs that are still alive and are confirmed to be infected with trichuriosis and coccidiosis should be treated.

CHRONIC RHINITIS WITH BACTERIAL SECONDARY INFECTION IN A LOCAL CAT

Arya Duta Adnyana, Sri Kayati Widyastuti, I Nyoman Suartha — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Rhinitis is an upper respiratory tract disorder in cats that involves irritation and inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Cats suffering from rhinitis may exhibit various clinical signs, such as sneezing, coughing, fever, respiratory distress (either in the form of rapid or slow breathing), nasal discharge, hypersalivation, excessive tearing, and lymph node swelling. This article aims to identify the results of anamnesis, clinical signs, and supporting examination findings in a feline case to determine the diagnosis and evaluate the provided therapy. The case subject is a 6-year-old cat named Kumeng, weighing 3.4 kg, with a tabby coat and local breed. The cat has been experiencing symptoms such as sneezing, nasal discharge, and difficulty breathing for the past five months. Physical examination revealed nasal discharge. Supporting examination findings, such as X-rays, showed no changes in the lower respiratory tract but nasal examination show increased opacity, and hematological results were normal. However, bacterial isolation from the nasal discharge identified the presence of four bacteria: Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Proteus sp., and Micrococcus sp. Cytological examination of the discharge also showed the presence of inflammatory neutrophil cells. The treatment provided included doxycycline hyclate at 10 mg/kg body weight q24h for 14 days, the anti-inflammatory methylprednisolone at 0.5 mg/kg body weight q24h for 7 days, the mucolytic bromhexine HCl at 1 mg/kg body weight q24h, and a multivitamin tablet q24h. On the 14th day after treatment, the frequency of sneezing in the cat was reduced, and the nasal discharge became more watery and clear.

DIAGNOSIS OF MASTITIS IN ETAWA CROSSBREED GOATS

Usma Aulia, Rikamalia, Anna Zukiaturrahmah, Juliadi Ramadhan, Ario Ridho Gelagar — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Mastitis is a disease which occur as result of the infection in mammary gland. Mastitis in Etawa Crossbred goat is commonly found and caused economic loss. Subclinical mastitis causes decrease in milk production and milk quality. Subclinical mastitis is a type of mastitis which does not show clinical symptoms. The purpose of this study was to diagnose subclinical mastitis on Etawa Crossbred goat by using the IPB-1 test. This study was a descriptive research. Detection was done by taking milk samples on Etawa Crossbred goat purposively and was reacted with IPB-1 reagents which were circulated circularly for 15-20 seconds. The observation of the reaction results of milk and reagent were determined based on consistency changing with the coagulation period. In this case, blood tests were also carried out. The results showed that Etawa Crossbreed goats was detected with subclinical mastitis with a score of +2 using the IPB-1 test method. The results of blood tests showed that the goat had hyperchromic macrocytic anemia, leukocytosis and monocytosis. Based on the results of the anamnesis, physical examination, and laboratory results, the goat was found to have subclinical mastitis with a fausta prognosis. It is hoped that a thorough examination and the use of different methods can identify the cause of subclinical mastitis in PE goats and facilitate the treatment.

COLISEPTICEMIA IN PIGLET AT A PIG FARM IN PEREAN VILLAGE, BATURITI DISTRICT, TABANAN, BALI

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The animal used as case in this report is a pig came from a farm in Perean Village, Baturiti District, Tabanan, Bali. It is a male piglet aged ± 2 months which was reported to have had continuous diarrhea for 6 days. The piglet was also showing symptoms such as emaciation, weakness and anorexia. This case study aims to discuss the anatomical pathology findings, histopathology and laboratory examination results of the piglet which is suspected of being infected with colibacillosis. The examination method consists of collecting data related to epidemiology, necropsy and data on anatomical pathological changes, histopathological preparations and histopathological change lesion findings, culture and identification of bacteria, and identification of parasites. All data results obtained will then be analyzed qualitative descriptively (Dharmayanti, 2022). Necropsy result shows haemorrrhage in almost all organs, along with distension and swelling in the intestines and stomach. Histopathological examination shows bleeding and inflammation in brain, trachea, spleen, and large intestine, as well as inflammation and necrosis in the lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, stomach and small intestine. In the bacteriological examination, the bacterial agent E. coli was successfully isolated from heart and lungs. While the parasitological examination did not reveal any parasitic agents involved. Based on series of examinations that had been carried out, it is concluded that the piglet is infected with colibacillosis. It is recommended to improve sanitation of the cage and surrounding areas in order to further reduce the risk of colibacillosis transmission amongst pigs.

THE EFFECT OF GIVING GAMAL LEAF BLOCK ON THE HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF CATTLE EXPERIENCING ANESTRUS

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Anestrus is a condition in female animals that do not show symptoms of estrus for a long period of time. Anestrus in cows can cause physiological, environmental and management changes. Gamal leaves can be used as a source of protein for livestock. Mother cows experience fluctuating hematological changes, such as hemoglobinemia, erythropenia and leucocythemia. This study aims to determine the effect of gamal block on hemoglobin levels, total erythrocytes, hematocrit values and total leukocytes in Bali cattle experiencing anestrus. This research used 6 anestrus Bali cattle selected using purposive sampling. The six cows were given gamal block treatment with a composition of 250 grams of gamal leaf simplicial, 200 ml propylene glycol and 4 grams of salt for 14 days. After that, a 2ml blood sample was taken via the jugular vein on day 0, day 10 and day 20. The results of the study obtained mean hemoglobin levels sequentially on days 0, 10 and 20, namely 8.98 ± 0.23 g/dL, 8.78 ± 0.23 g/dL, 8.26 ± 0, 23 g/dL. Total erythrocytes were 4.80±0.18 106/μL, 4.92±0.18 106/μL, 4.73±0.18106/μL respectively. Hematocrit values were 29.53 ± 0.60 %, 28.23 ± 0.60 %, 26.64 ± 0.61 %, respectively. And total leukocytes were 7.21±0.27 103/μL, 7.56±0.27 103/μL, 6.63±0.27 103/μL respectively. The statistical results showed that giving gamal leaf blocks for 14 days did not affect hemoglobin levels, total erythrocytes, hematocrit values and total leukocytes in Bali cattle experiencing anestrus.

ASCITES DUE TO LIVER DYSFUNCTION IN DOMESTIC CATS

Siti Putrindah Mentari, I Gede Soma, Putu Devi Jayanti — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Ascites can be caused by various factors, generally impaired heart, liver, kidney function, parasitic infestation, and malnutrition. Liver dysfunction is classified as prehepatic, hepatic, and posthepatic. This case study aims to determine how to diagnose and treat ascites cases due to liver dysfunction in cats. A domestic cat named Memeng, a 3-year-old female weighing 1.8 kg, complained of an enlarged abdomen for four months. On clinical examination, abdominal distension was found due to fluid accumulation accompanied by abdominal vein distension, when palpating the abdomen, the liver felt hard and protruding so that the abdomen looked asymmetrical between the two sides of the cat's abdomen, rapid breathing and unbalanced walking. Hematology examination, FIPV kit test and blood chemistry and X-rays were performed twice on the 2nd and 14th days. Hematology examination showed that the case cat had microcytic hypochromic anemia, leukocytosis, neutrophillia, monocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. The FIPV kit test showed negative results. The results of the blood biochemistry examination on the 2nd day showed an increase in Globulin, Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferase, Amylase and a decrease in Albumin values. The blood biochemistry examination on the 14th day showed normal results in all indicators. The results of the X-ray examination on the 2nd day showed radioopacity in the abdominal region indicating fluid accumulation so that the organs were not visible. The X-ray examination on the 14th day showed that the organs in the abdominal region were slightly visible indicating reduced fluid accumulation. Based on the anamnesis, clinical examination, and supporting tests, the case cat was diagnosed with ascites due to impaired liver function with a dubious prognosis. The case cat was treated with Furosemide, Ringer Lactate, Cefotaxime, Dexamethasone, Hematodin, Nutramarin and Albusmin. The cat's food was replaced with Royal canin hepatic. The results of the case cat's treatment improved with reduced fluid in the abdomen, blood chemistry results returned to normal, the stomach began to look smaller, both sides of the abdomen returned to being symmetrical, abdominal vein distension decreased, breathing was normal, walking was balanced, the cat was active again and muscle mass increased. Advice for owners to regularly evaluate their cat's health with a veterinarian.

COLISEPTICEMIA IN BROILER CHICKEN FARMS IN DARMASABA VILLAGE ABIANSEMAL BADUNG BALI

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The case chicken was 27 days old taken from a close house farm in Darmasaba Village, Abiansemal District, Badung Regency, Bali. The aim of this case report is to diagnose animals using protocol 621/H/23 based on anamnestic data, clinical signs, epidemiology, anatomical pathological changes, histopathological changes, and laboratory examination. Clinical signs include a thin body, weakness, white and reddish stools, paralysis, hair loss and dullness, and a bloated abdomen. Anatomical pathology examination revealed pathognomic lesions of Escherchia coli infection which were characterized by the presence of fibrin membranes in the lungs, heart and liver. Histopathological examination revealed necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, hemorrhage, congestion in the liver, heart, lungs, intestines and brain. Bacteriological examination, Nurtien Agar media culture resulted in white (opaque) colonies, smooth surface, round shape and uneven colony growth. In EMBA media culture, metallic green colonies were obtained in samples of the heart, liver, lungs and intestines. Gram staining was found to be Gram negative and the catalase test results were positive (+). Biochemical test results on TSIA were positive (+), Citrate (-) Indol (+) Motlity (+), Simmon Citrate Agar negative, Methyl Red (+), Voges Proskauer (-), and glucose test (+). Qualitative stool examination using the native method found Eimeria tenela oocysts. Quantitative examination using the Mc Master method found 11,100 cysts/gram of feces. Based on the results of anamnesis, clinical signs, epidemiology, anatomical pathology from necropsy results and agent identification, it can be concluded that the case chicken with protocol number 621/N/23 was diagnosed with Colisepticemia. Farmers need to pay attention to implementing cage hygiene and sanitation to avoid disease transmission.

SUSPECTED OF TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS AND COLIBACILLOSIS IN PIGLET AT TEGAL SUCI VILLAGE FARM, SEBATU DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY, BALI

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The case pig originated from a farm in Tegal Suci Village, Sebatu District, Gianyar Regency, Bali. This case study review aims to establish the diagnosis of death in a 45-day-old female pig using anamnesis, epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, anatomical pathology examination, histopathology, and laboratory tests. The observed symptoms in the case pig included anorexia, weakness, and diarrhea. Necropsy results showed hemorrhaging in almost all organs of the case pig. Histopathological examination revealed lesions in the intestine, suggesting a Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) infection, specifically intestinal villous atrophy. Bacteriological examination successfully isolated Escherichia coli bacteria in the lungs, liver, and heart. Fecal examination in the parasitology laboratory showed no evidence of worm eggs or protozoan infections. Based on a series of tests conducted, it can be concluded that the case pig is suspected to have been infected with TGEV and E. coli. Further testing is needed to investigate the co-infection of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus and E. coli in pigs to determine the appropriate treatment for severe diarrhea in pigs.

PERFORMANCE OF STARTER PHASE NATIVE CHICKENS FEED WITH SUBSTITUTION OF WASTE FLOUR SUBSTITUTION WITH GARDEN FISH EXTRACT

Soraya Faradilla, Syamsuddin, Rosa Ure Inadai Mangun Illodo, Rafly, Sri Wahyuni — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Feeding chickens aims to meet nutritional needs, to get fast chicken growth and high productivity, quality feed is needed. Snakehead fish is a freshwater fish that contains high nutrients and has the potential to be used as a good source of protein for Ulu village chickens. This research aims to determine the performance of Ulu chickens given snakehead fish (Channa Striata) waste extract flour in feed. This research method used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a total of 100 Ulu village chickens with 4 treatments and 5 replications, each replication consisting of 5 broiler chickens. Each treatment in this study was 100% Commercial Feed; Commercial Feed 96 + 4% Snakehead fish waste meal; Commercial Feed 92% + 8% Snakehead fish waste meal, Commercial Feed 88%+ 12% Snakehead fish waste meal. The parameters observed were feed consumption, body weight gain, and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). The results of the research showed that the performance of Ulu chickens by providing snakehead fish extract waste flour in their feed had a positive influence on the performance of Kampung Ulu chickens. The conclusion of this research is that the addition of 4% snakehead fish waste extract flour (P1) is the best treatment in terms of improving performance.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL QUALITY OF CORN SILAGE WITH THE ADDITION OF LIQUID SMOKE

Andy, Tutik Lusyta Aulyani, Dermawan, Miksen Merko Sangkek, Arwan — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Processing corn plant waste into silage by adding additives is one way to improve the quality of the waste. EM4 is a microorganism that is usually used as an additive in silage making, while liquid smoke is an antibacterial and antioxidant that can prevent the growth of putrefactive bacteria. The aim of this research is to determine how the physical and chemical quality of corn plant waste silage is influenced by the addition of liquid smoke additives. This study was carried out using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Method. Which consisted of 4 treatments and 5 replications to obtain 20 experimental units. Testing of 4 treatment groups, namely P0: EM4 2%, P1: Liquid Smoke 2%, P2: Concentration of 1% Liquid Smoke and 2% EM4, and P3: Concentration of 2% Liquid Smoke and EM4 2%. Physical quality was obtained by organoleptic testing involving 20 respondents with texture, color and aroma parameters, as well as pH testing, while chemical quality was obtained by proximate testing consisting of; BK, KA, SK, PK and BETN. The observation data and analysis results were tested using the One Way Anova statistical test method and the Duncan test with SPSS 25. The addition of liquid smoke additives reduced the percentage of mold and improved the physical quality of color in corn plant silage. and produces the same physical quality by administering the EM4 additive or a combination thereof. It is necessary to carry out further tests in the form of the Van Soest test to determine the fiber fraction and in vitro testing to determine the digestibility and fermentation quality of corn silage.

ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SHIGELLA SP. INFECTIONS IN BROILER CHICKENS AT A CLOSED HOUSE FARM IN BATUNGSEL VILLAGE, TABANAN

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Escherichia coli is a coliform bacterium naturally found in the intestines of mammals. However, pathogenic strains, such as Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), can cause systemic infections and bacteremia in poultry. Infections by Escherichia coli in broilers lead to economic losses due to decreased production and increased mortality. This case report was conducted under protocol number 1/N/24, using anamnesis, clinical signs, epidemiological data, anatomical pathology, and histopathology observations to diagnose the condition. A 28-day-old white broiler chicken was collected from a closed house farm in Batungsel Village, Pupuan District, Tabanan Regency. Observed signs included lethargy, reduced appetite, an enlarged reddish abdomen, and white diarrhea. After the chicken's death, a necropsy was performed, and organ samples were preserved in 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin (NBF). Samples of the brain, lungs, liver, heart, spleen, kidneys, intestines, bursa, and feces were analyzed in histopathology, bacteriology, and parasitology laboratories. Histopathological preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for microscopic examination. Bacterial infection tests included culturing samples from the intestines, liver, lungs, and heart on general, selective-differential, and Blood Agar media, followed by primary and secondary tests. The presence of Escherichia coli and Shigella sp. was confirmed. Parasite examinations using the flotation method showed no worm eggs or coccidia. These findings confirmed that the chicken was infected with Escherichia coli and Shigella sp.To prevent such infections, maintaining clean and sanitized housing is essential. Strict biosecurity measures are crucial to prevent external bacterial contamination. With good management practices, broiler chicken health can be optimally maintained.

MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOODS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Animal-based foods are an important source of protein. However, the presence of pathogenic microbes such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) in food products can lead to serious issues concerning food safety and public health. This study aims to provide a literature review on the contamination of E. coli in various animal-based foods, including chicken meat, beef, fish, and milk, with a focus on several factors including the causes of contamination, its impact on food safety, and effective control measures. The research method used is a literature review utilizing various electronic sources. A total of 335 chicken meat samples were tested, with 270 positive and 65 negative results. A total of 73 beef samples were tested, with 63 positive and 10 negative results. A total of 16 fish samples were tested, with 9 positive and 7 negative results. A total of 37 milk samples were tested, with 15 positive and 22 negative results. The overall findings indicate that E. coli contamination in animal-based food products can occur at various stages, from production to distribution. This contamination can lead to foodborne diseases such as diarrhea and more serious gastrointestinal infections, especially in vulnerable populations. Factors such as hygiene and individual behavior, environmental conditions, cleanliness, and unhygienic processing methods are the main causes of the increased risk of contamination. The literature review discusses the importance of implementing food safety standards, biosecurity, and appropriate processing technologies to reduce the risk of contamination. Educating the public and food industry stakeholders on safe food handling practices is crucial in preventing foodborne diseases caused by E. coli.

OPTIMIZATION OF ISOPROPYL--D-THIOGALACTOPYRANOSIDE (IPTG) CONCENTRATION AS A TRIGGER FOR BOVINE LACTOFERRINE (BLF) GEN EXPRESSION

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Lactoferrin in cow's milk is known as Bovine Lactoferrin (bLf). Currently, lactoferrin is being developed as an ingredient in vaccines and medicines. As a vaccine material, the plasmid gene bLf is expressed with Isopropyl-b-D-Thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) to form recombinant proteins. The volume of IPTG used to induce gene expression depends on the bacteria's volume. Different concentrations of IPTG can generally affect the expression rate of recombinant proteins. Therefore, this study determined the optimal concentration of IPTG in expressing bLf protein. The study began with a gradual bLf culture from 1ml of Terrific Broth (TB) media, if the growth is good, upscaling to 10ml culture media. The bLf culture was incubated in a shaker incubator at a speed of 120rpm for 48 hours, at a temperature of 37ºC. After the growth of good bacteria, it was induced using IPTG with varying final concentrations of 0.125mM, 0.25mM, 0.5mM and 1mM. Re-incubated in a shaker incubator for 4-6 hours. The bLf culture was then centrifuged for 10 min at 6000rpm. Centrifugation results in the form of supernatants were removed, while the sediment was added as much as 300μl of PBS. The culture was ultrasonicated for 10 years with an amplitude of 50%. Furthermore, it was analyzed using the SDS-PAGE method. The test began by adding a buffer of 15μl to 45μl of sonicated results and heated at 95ºC for 10 minutes, then electrophoresis on acrylamide gel. The results showed that in each treatment or replicate there was a bLf protein. Visually, it was seen that there was no significant difference in the variation of IPTG concentration treatment for expressing the bLf plasmid gene. Adding IPTG to express bLf genes with lower or higher concentrations did not affect the bLf proteins produced. Lowering the IPTG concentration from 1μM to 0.125 can reduce production costs. Further testing is needed to use lower concentrations of IPTG in other plasmid genes.

HAZARD ANALYSIS OF ANTIBIOTIC USE IN BROILER FARMING

I Ketut Tomy Caesar Ramanda, Kadek Karang Agustina — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Increasing poultry populations and the use of conventional antibiotics to maintain the health of livestock and animal products have led to the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a global public health concern. The pattern of antibiotic use and misuse in broiler farming can be an implication of the emergence of various types of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their spread among animals, humans, and the environment. The purpose of this literature review is to analyse the hazards associated with antibiotic use on broiler farms, the risk of antimicrobial resistance, and the potential consequences for animal, human and environmental health. In general, the negative impacts of antibiotic residues on human health include toxicological, microbiological and immunopathological hazards and economic impacts. Meanwhile, the impact of excessive use of antibiotics in livestock can lead to a weaker immune system, cause dysbacteriosis, the occurrence of secondary diseases or infections, residues in poultry products, and antibiotic resistance to pathogens. Furthermore, the overuse of antibiotics on broiler farms can result in pollution to the environment surrounding the farms that is distributed into soil, water, and plants. Therefore, effective mitigation of the risks associated with the extensive use of antimicrobials on broiler farms and management of AMR issues is essential, and requires a multidisciplinary integrated approach, such as the One Health approach to achieve optimal health and welfare outcomes and emphasize the interconnectedness between humans, animals and the environment.