Buletin Veteriner Udayana

Cover and Table of Content of BVU Vol. 16 No. 2 April 2024

Kadek Karang Agustina — Sun, 14 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Cover and Table of Content of BVU Vol. 16 No. 2 April 2024

MANAGEMENT OF MEGACOLON CASES IN CATS WITH THE ADDITION OF YELLOW PUMPKIN TO THEIR FEED: A CASE REPORT

Thu, 04 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Megacolon is a pathological condition associated with failure to defecate normally, most commonly diagnosed in cats. The medical management of megacolon has not been widely reported, hence the importance of writing this article. This case study is about a 2-year-old male Angora cat who was observed to have difficulty in defecating since 3 weeks. Clinical examination revealed normal borborygmus sounds and a solid abdominal consistency suspected to be fecal accumulation. Hematology examination was performed and the result showed Neutrophilia. Radiological examination showed accumulation of hardened feces in the colon. Based on the history, clinical examination, and supporting examination, the animal had megacolon with a prognosis of fausta. The cat was given lactulose and a feed mixture of wet food and pumpkin supplement. Results from laxative therapy with pumpkin supplementation for seven days showed the cat's fecal consistency FCS 3.5. The owner is advised to change the cat's feed to wet food with pumpkin added, as well as perform physical exercise on the cat.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIOSECURITY IMPLEMENTATION AND MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN PIGS IN PAYANGAN DISTRICT, GIANYAR BALI

Ni Made Wida Rieke Pitaloka, I Ketut Suada — Thu, 04 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Until now, pig farming in Bali has a very important role in supporting the economy of the local community. However, the management of pig farms in Bali cannot be separated from the obstacles faced, namely the outbreak of disease agents. Biosecurity is considered a fundamental cornerstone of all disease control programs. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between the application of biosecurity and morbidity and mortality. This research uses an observational design. The number of respondents used in this research was 40 breeders. Data collection in this research was carried out by conducting surveys and interviews with farmers regarding the implementation of biosecurity and the incidence of morbidity and mortality on the farms they own. The data obtained is presented in tabular form. Chi-square test analysis was carried out to compare data from farms that implemented biosecurity with those that did not implement biosecurity. The research results found that farms that implemented biosecurity experienced 6 incidents of morbidity and 3 incidents of mortality. Meanwhile, farms that did not implement it experienced 15 morbidity incidents and 11 mortality incidents. The conclusion of this research is that implementing biosecurity on a farm can reduce the incidence of morbidity and mortality. The advice that can be given is that preventive efforts such as implementing biosecurity should not only be carried out if a case has occurred but must continue to be carried out on an ongoing basis.

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PICTURE OF WHITE RATS HEART POST APPLICATION OF MIMOSIN FROM SIMPLISIA LAMTORO LEAF

Thu, 04 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Mimosine is a toxic compound that can be found in the leaves of the lamtoro plant (Leucaena leucocephala). Toxicity that occurs in livestock depends on the concentration of mimosine in the feed and the length of time it is administered. This study aims to determine the histopathological picture of the heart of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) given mimosine from lamtoro leaf simplicia at different doses. The research used 2 months old Wistar male white rats weighing 300-350 grams. The 20 experimental animals used were divided into 4 treatment groups, namely P0 (negative control) without mimosine, P1 (positive control) given standard mimosine 5 mg/head/day, P2 given lamtoro leaf simplicia at a dose of 50 mg/head/day, and P3 simplicia lamtoro leaves at a dose of 150 mg/head/day. Mimosine was given orally for 14 days using a probe. On the 15th day, a necropsy was performed, the heart organ was removed and placed in 10% NBF. Next, it is processed to make histopathological preparations with HE staining. Histopathological examination was carried out including three variables: congestion, bleeding and necrosis. The severity of the lesion was scored, namely 0, 1, 2, and 3 respectively for normal, mild, moderate, and severe lesions. The data was then analyzed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The results of the study showed that administration of mimosine from lamtoro leaf simplicia could cause histopathology in the form of congestion, bleeding and necrosis lesions compared to controls and there was no effect on the difference in the dose of mimosine from lamtoro leaf simplicia between doses of 50 mg/head/day and 150 mg/head/day.

CAT FLU TREATMENT DUE TO CALICI VIRUS AND HERPES VIRUS INFECTION IN MIXED DOMESTIC CATS

Kevin Dominika, Putu Gede Yudhi Arjentinia, I Nyoman Suartha — Thu, 04 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Feline Calicivirus (FCV) and Feline Herpesvirus (FHV) are the most common viral agents that affect cats globally. FCV and FHV can cause respiratory disorders in infected cats. This study aims to present the therapeutic results in mixed-breed domestic cats experiencing chronic feline flu due to FCV and FHV infections. The examinations conducted include physical examinations, routine hematology, radiography, cytology, and rapid tests for FCV and FHV. Cats exhibited symptoms of frequent sneezing accompanied by red-tinged mucus discharge and coughing during the physical examination. Routine hematology results showed leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and eosinophilia in cats. Radiographic examination with X-rays revealed bronchopneumonia in cats. Cytological examination indicated a significant infiltration of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Rapid tests for FCV and FHV showed that the cats were positive for FCV and FHV antigens. On the 14th day, the cats showed symptomatic improvement after treatment with cefadroxil antibiotics (22 mg/kg BW; q24 hours; orally), dexamethasone (0.5 mg; q12 hours; orally), dexchlorpheniramine maleate (2 mg; q12 hours; orally), bromhexine HCl (1 mg/kg BW; q12 hours; orally), and vitamin B complex (1 tablet; q24 hours; orally). Further research is needed on the incidence rate of coinfection between Feline Calicivirus and Feline Herpesvirus in Bali.

THE KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF FARMERS OF BIOSECURITY POST OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE EPIDEMIC IN MEDAHAN VILLAGE, BLAHBATUH DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY, BALI

Thu, 04 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious disease caused by viruses of the genus Aphthovirus and prevention can be done by applying biosecurity principles. Biosecurity has three important components, namely isolation, traffic control and sanitation. This research aims to determine the level of knowledge of farmers regarding biosecurity after the FMD outbreak in Medahan Village, Blahbatuh District, Gianyar Regency. The design of this research was observational by interviewing 54 cattle and pig farmers conducted from November to December 2023 using a questionnaire containing 20 questions. The data obtained was then analyzed descriptively quantitatively and presented in the form of tables/diagrams. To determine the relationship between age, breeder's main occupation, education, and number of livestock with the breeder's level of knowledge, Chi-Square analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25 for Windows. The research results showed that breeders in Medahan Village had a good level of knowledge on sanitation competence, sufficient knowledge on isolation competence, and poor knowledge on traffic control competence. These results are influenced by educational factors, the farmer's main job, and the number of livestock. The conclusion of this research is that in general breeders in Medahan Village have a low level of knowledge regarding biosecurity after the FMD outbreak. A socialization program regarding biosecurity principles that is more targeted and reaches the target of FMD-vulnerable animal breeders needs to be carried out to re-emerge FMD outbreaks.

TREATMENT OF INGUINAL HERNIA IN A MIXED BREED DOG: A CASE REPORT

I Gede Galyes Pranadinata, I Wayan Wirata, I Gusti Agung Gde Putra Pemayun — Thu, 04 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

An inguinal hernia is a protrusion of an organ or part of an organ, fat or tissue through the inguinal ring. This disease is congenital or acquired through trauma. The aim of writing this article is to find out how to diagnose, manage and treat cases of inguinal hernia in dogs. The case animal is a six year old female mixed breed dog, weighing 9.8 kg with complaints of swelling in the abdomen. Radiographic results showed that there was a pocket in the inguinal area containing intestines, so the dog was diagnosed as a case of inguinal hernia with a fausta prognosis. The surgical procedure is carried out by laparotomy by repositioning the contents of the hernia into the abdominal cavity. After surgery, the dog was given the antibiotic cefotaxime and the anti-inflammatory meloxicam intravenously for three days, then continued with the oral antibiotic cefadroxil monohydrate for four days and meloxicam for two days. On the tenth day, the surgical wound has healed, as indicated by the wound being dry, the skin is together, not swollen, and the dog is active. Dogs diagnosed with an inguinal hernia should be treated as soon as possible to prevent the hernia ring from widening and any harmful health effects.

CASE OF AVIAN INFLUENZA IN BROILER CHICKEN AT JATILUWIH VILLAGE

Thu, 04 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Avian Influenza (AI) is still endemic in Bali. This disease is very dangerous and deadly, is zoonotic in birds and humans and causes high economic losses. AI disease in poultry is caused by the Influenza virus type A. The aim of the examination is to identify the agent that caused the death of the chicken in the case to determine a definite diagnosis. The case chicken sample was a 29 day old broiler chicken from a farm in Jatiluwih Village, Tabanan Regency, Bali. Clinical symptoms of chickens include: weak chickens, shaking, shortness of breath, no appetite for eating or drinking, dull feathers, pale bluish combs, runny discharge from the beak, and white-brown watery feces. Chicken death occurred 2 days after clinical symptoms appeared. After the chicken dies, a necropsy is carried out and the samples are examined in the histopathology, virology, bacteriology and parasitology laboratories to determine the agent that caused the death. Histopathological examination showed that all organs had lesions. The results of the HA/HI test showed that the chicken was a positive case of being infected with the Avian Influenza virus. Bacterial infection testing in the media test, selective test, primary test, secondary test and confectionery test identified the presence of Staphylococcus sp bacteria. in the liver and lungs. The results of fecal examination during parasite examination using native and concentration methods did not reveal any worm eggs or protozoa. It was concluded that the case chicken was infected with Avian Influenza with secondary bacterial infection, namely Staphylococcus sp. It is recommended that breeders improve biosecurity and carry out routine and appropriate vaccinations to prevent Avian Influenza disease.

SENSITIVITY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI BACTERIA AGAINST ANTIBIOTIC TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE, KANAMYSIN, AND ENROFLOXACIN ON LAYER CHICKEN FROM CHICKEN FARM IN PENEBEL, TABANAN, BALI

Ashley, I Nengah Kerta Besung, I Gusti Ketut Suarjana — Thu, 04 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The use of antibiotics is still the best option to treat poultry diseases among chicken farmers. This study aims to determine the sensitivity of E. coli bacteria to the antibiotics trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, kanamycin, and enrofloxacin in laying hens in Penebel District, Tabanan Regency, of various ages. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) by comparing the inhibition zones formed in the germ sensitivity test of each treatment. There were three treatments, namely germ isolates from laying hens aged 1 week, 30 weeks and over 40 weeks. Each treatment used 12 samples. The results of the sensitivity test using the Kirby-Bauer method of 36 E. coli isolates showed that the sensitivity to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and kanamycin at all ages was 100%, while to enrofloxacin, the sensitivity of 1 week old chickens was 100%, 30 weeks old was 50%, and aged over 40 weeks is 83% (17% intermediate). There was a significant difference between the sensitivity of E. coli to trimethoprim-sulfametazole and enrofloxacin in 1 week and 30 week old chickens, while the sensitivity to kanamycin was not significantly different. Treatment of colibacilosis in laying hens can still be given kanamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the antibiotic enrofloxacin cannot be given to laying hens aged 30 weeksin Penebel District. It is necessary to carry out regular sensitivity tests as a basis for treating disease cases, followed by research on the link between resistance genes to several antibiotics.

THE LEUKOCYTE PROFILE OF ETAWA BREED GOATS SUFFERING FROM SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN SUKAWATI DISTRICT, GIANYAR BALI

Chitra Dwi Wulandari, Anak Agung Sagung Kendran, Romy Muhammad Dary Mufa — Thu, 04 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Subclinical mastitis is a condition of mammary gland inflammation that often occurs in dairy goats without obvious symptoms. White blood cell examination is an important indicator in assessing the body's immune response and can help establish a diagnosis or animal health status. This study aims to determine changes in total and differential leukocytes in goats suffering from subclinical mastitis. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein, then white blood cells were counted using a Hematology Analyzer and identified using the blood smear method. The data obtained were then analyzed descriptively including the total number of leukocytes and the number of leukocyte types. The results showed varying changes in the number and type of white blood cells, especially an increase in neutrophils and monocytes in peranakan etawa goats suffering from subclinical mastitis. For the total leukocytes of the five samples were 6.9 - 13.3 x 103/µL and for leukocyte differential, the total lymphocytes were 2.96 - 5.54 x 103/µL, Monocytes 0.20 - 0.66 x 103 /µL, Neutrophils 3.17 - 7.71 x 103/µL, Eosinophils 0 - 0.66 x 103/µL, and Basophils 0.

THE PREVALENCE AND INTENSITY OF EIMERIA SPP INFECTION IN ETAWAH CROSSBREED GOAT IN SUKAWATI SUB-DISTRICT, GIANYAR BALI

Thu, 04 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Etawah Crossbreed Goat are in demand by farmers because of the variety of products they produce, such as milk, meat, and fur. Coccidiosis is a disease that frequently infects goats in Indonesia and is influenced by host, agent and environment. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and intensity of Eimeria spp infection in etawah crossbreed goat kept in Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency. The number of samples used in this study was 100 feces samples of etawah crossbreed goats in Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency. The design used in this study was cross sectional study. There are two methods of examination carried out, namely qualitative and quantitative methods of examining fecal samples. In qualitative examination using the floating method then the results were analyzed with the chi-square test and quantitative examination using the McMaster method. The results of this study showed that there were 79 samples infected with Eimeria spp. with a prevalence of 79%. The average intensity of Eimeria spp. infection in PE goats in Sukawati District is 740.35 ± 557.05 oocysts/gram. After analysis using chi-square test, it can be concluded that risk factors were not associated with the prevalence of Eimeria spp. infection in PE goats in Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency. Considering the high prevalence of Eimeria spp. infection in PE goats in Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency, it is recommended that farmers increase their concern for cage sanitation and the environment around the cage and routine drug administration.

HISTOMORPHOMETRY OF THE SUPERFICIAL PECTORALIS MUSCULAR AND CRANIAL TIBIALIS MUSCULAR OF BALI DUCKS IN THE GROWTH PHASE

Fri, 05 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Superficial pectoralis muscle is a chest muscle that is located on the surface and functions in wing movement. Tibialis cranialis muscle is the top muscle in the calf muscle structure, which functions to support the bird's body. This study aims to determine the histomorphometry of the superficial pectoralis muscle and cranial tibial muscle of male and female Bali ducks in the growing phase. This research used 20 Balinese ducks aged 12 weeks. Direct anatomical examination and histological structure with a binocular light microscope. Histomorphometry was measured using the Olympus Cellsens Standard application. Anatomy and histology results were analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis, and histomorphometry using the ANOVA test with mean estimation. Histological structure of the superficial pectoralis muscle and cranial tibial muscle consists of muscle fibers, fasciculus, endomysium, perimysium and epimysium connective tissue. Histomorphometry of fascicle size, perimysium connective tissue thickness, and superficial pectoralis muscle endomysium were significantly different (P<0.05). Histomorphometry of the size of the fasciculus, perimysium connective tissue and endomysium of the cranial tibial muscle was not significantly different (P>0.05) in different genders. It can be concluded that the superficial pectoralis muscle and cranial tibial muscle of males and females in the growing phase are the same in terms of anatomical structure, but the size of the histological structure is different. Histomorphometry of the superficial pectoralis muscle of male and female Bali ducks is significantly different (P<0.05), but not for the tibialis cranialis muscle. Further research is needed regarding the muscles of Bali ducks at other ages.

STRUCTURE AND MORPHOMETRY OF BALI DUCK PANCREAS IN THE GROWER PHASE

Fri, 05 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The pancreas is part of the digestive system which acts as a digestive aid organ. The pancreas has two functions, namely exocrine and endocrine. This study aims to determine the structure and morphometry of the pancreas of Bali ducks (Anas Sp) of different sexes in the growing phase. This research used 18 Balinese ducks which were divided into 2 groups, namely male and female with 9 each (3 months old). The method for examining anatomical structures is carried out by direct observation and histological structures using a binocular light microscope. Morphometry was measured using calipers for length and width, scales for pancreatic weight, and measuring cups for volume. Histomorphometry was measured using the Olympus cellSens Standard application. The results of the anatomical and histological structure data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis, while the morphometric data used the Independent Sample T-Test. The anatomical structure of the Bali duck pancreas is flat like a lobed tongue and pink in colour, consisting of a capsule, islets of Langerhans, acini, intercalary ducts, intralobular ducts, interlobular ducts, intralobular septa, interlobular septa, veins and arteries. The results of morphometric measurements of Bali duck pancreas showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the weight and volume of the pancreas. Histomorphometric measurements of the area of the islets of Langerhans, the area of the acini, the thickness of the intralobular septa, and the thickness of the interlobular septa showed that they were not significantly different (P>0.05) in both sexes. The anatomical structure and histology of the pancreas of male and female Bali ducks are the same, but there are differences in morphometry

SEROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF SURRA INCIDENT IN HORSES AND CATTLES IN EAST SUMBA DISTRICT

Fri, 05 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Surra caused by Trypanosoma evansi is a disease that appears every year in East Sumba district and causes quite large losses. This study aims to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors that influence the incidence of surra in East Sumba district using a total of 226 horse and cattle blood samples obtained from seven sub-districts and the examination was carried out using the serological method, namely the card agglutination test (CATT/ T. evansi). A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on risk factors associated with surra. The results showed that the seroprevalence of surra in horses and cattle was 32,30%. Seroprevalence in horses was 32,85% and in cattle was 26,31%. The risk factor of presence of flies and maintenance methods statistically have a significant effect on the incidence of surra, while age, gender, the presence of other animals and the farmer's knowledge about surra do not statistically have a significant effect on the incidence of surra. Thus, it is necessary to carry out surra surveillance in cattle which are the reservoirs and preventive measures are needed, especially those related to risk factors wich statistically have a significant effect on the incidence of surra. Apart from that, it is necessary to carry out further research on other risk factors related to the incidence of surra and research in different season periods.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: COMPARISON OF CUCUMBER JUICE WITH TOMATO JUICE IN THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BLOOD PRESSURE REDUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION

Muhammad Raihan Adiguna, Ahmad Purnama Hudaya, Ria Inriyana — Fri, 05 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Hypertension is a disease characterized by elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure, or the use of antihypertensive drugs. Hypertension has complications in the form of diseases that target organs including the brain, kidneys, peripheral blood vessels, and heart. This requires effective management by considering effective management in the long term. Pharmacological management of hypertension has side effects of drug-related problems (DRPs) that have an undesirable impact. This makes non-pharmacological interventions recommended for effectiveness. The utilization of fruits is part of non-pharmacological interventions, one of them is with cucumber and tomato which are processed into juice. This research aims to identify further studies through systematic review research on the comparison of the effectiveness of cucumber juice with tomato juice on blood pressure in patients with hypertension. The method used was a systematic review by identification and evaluation of literature with a quasi-experiment research design in according to predetermined eligibility criteria. Databases used included Cochrane Library, DOAJ, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Semantic Scholar. All relevant articles were quality assessed using JBI Critical appraisal. The results of the study resulted in 11 articles that were relevant to the criteria that had been set. The articles retrieved had a low risk of bias after quality assessment. 11 articles resulted in the finding that cucumber juice and tomato juice have ingredients that have an impact on blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Both therapies have effectiveness as hypertension management

POTENTIAL OF MENIRAN LEAF EXTRACT ON NEWCASTLE DISEASE ANTIBODY TITER IN BROILERS

Fri, 05 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Newcastle Disease (ND) is one of the infectious diseases that easily attack broilers. Vaccinations carried out to optimize chicken immunity often get unsatisfactory results, so green meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) is needed as an immunostimulator. Green meniran leaf extract contains flavonoid compounds as the main component to trigger T cells to help B cells to produce antibodies. This study aims to determine the effect of meniran leaf extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) on booster vaccinated broilers on ND antibody titer. The research design used was a complete randomized design in a nested pattern with a total of 30 broilers divided into three treatment groups, namely 10 broilers not given the ND La Sota booster vaccine and not given meniran leaf extract but given a placebo (K-), 10 broilers given the ND La Sota booster vaccine without meniran leaf extract (K+), and 10 broilers given the ND La Sota booster vaccine and meniran leaf extract in drinking water for seven days before and 14 days after vaccination (P). The samples used were one day before booster vaccination (9-day-old broilers), one week after booster vaccination (17-day-old broilers) and two weeks after booster vaccination (24-day-old broilers). Serum obtained was examined serologically by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. The data obtained were analyzed statistically Analysis of Variance (Anova) with a significant level of 5% and regression analysis using SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) software. The results showed that in the administration of meniran leaf extract(Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) and the effect of sampling time after ND booster vaccination had an increase in ND antibody titer which was significantly different (P < 0.05) in treatment P with a mean of 2.8; 4.3; 7.1 and a total mean of 4.7 (titer in HI log 2). Regression analysis showed that the P treatment had the highest increase in the third week after ND booster vaccination compared to the K- and K+ treatments.

THE CAUSATIVE FACTOR DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BOOPHILUS SP. INFESTATION IN BALI CATTLE IN BARRU REGENCY, SOUTH SULAWESI

Suparmin Yuliani , Risha Catra Pradhany; Faizal Zakariya — Fri, 05 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In tropical climates such as Indonesia, the presence of ectoparasites occurs almost annually, which becomes one of the major problems due to ectoparasite infestations on ruminant farms. One problem occurred is the Boophilus sp. This study aimed to detect and identify causative factor in infestation of Boophilus sp. and correlation between tick infestation and incidence of blood parasite in Barru Regency. The study unit was the Bali cattle breeders spreaded in Mallusetasi District, Barru Regency. This study used a cross-sectional study to identify and determine the relationship between the causative factors of maintenance management and stock farmer knowledge level on the application of maintenance management in Bali cattle farms. The tabulated data of the maintenance management in Bali cattle breeding and breeder knowledge level causative factors against the tick ectoparasite infestation were descriptively analyzed and tested with a chi-square (χ2) method to measure the relationship of these factors and Boophilus sp. tick infestation at 95% of confidence level. The magnitude of relationship strength was calculated by the odd ratio (OR) test at a 95% of confidence level. Boophilus sp. tick ectoparasite infestation occurred in Bali cattle farms in Mallusetasi District, Barru Regency with an incidence rate of 68,8%. The causative factors that influence the incidence of tick infestations included the farmer educational level, breeder experience, number of maintenance, maintenance pattern, poor cage condition, and breeder's knowledge. The infestation of Boophilus sp. tick had a very significant correlation on the incidence of blood parasitic diseases. Therefore, to reduce tick infestation and the incidence of blood parasitic disease, planning of integrated control measures to create awareness about the importance and control of tick for livestock farmers is required.

A STRUCTURE AND HISTOMORPHOMETRY OF BALI DUCK TESTES IN THE GROWER PHASE

Fri, 05 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Testes are male reproductive organs which are responsible for producing spermatozoa and steroid hormones. This study aims to determine the histology and histomorphometry structure of bali duck testes in the grower phase at the age of 12 weeks in one of the farms in Mengwi District, Badung Regency. The number of samples used in this research was 10 male bali ducks that were in good health. There are two examination methods carried out, namely the qualitative descriptive anatomical structure and histology examination method and the quantitative histomorphometry examination method of bali duck testicles which are analyzed using the One-Sample T-test with a confidence level of 95%. The results of this study show the anatomical structure of the bali duck testicles which are located in the abdominal cavity, between the kidneys and the lungs. The pair of testicles have the shape of a bean and are cream colored. The results of research on the histological structure of bali duck testes consist of seminiferous tubules, interstitial tissue, leydig cells, and tunica albuginea. The results of histomorphometry measurements of bali duck testes showed that the wall thickness of the seminiferous tubules was 23.6760 ± 1.4425 (µm), the number of seminiferous tubules was 421.1000 ± 56.1396 and the thickness of the tunica albuginea was 29.5000 ± 5.048 (µm). Considering the importance of knowledge about the structure of bali duck testicles, it is recommended for future researchers to examine the structure and histomorphometry of bali duck testicles at different ages in the growing phase.

HISTOPATHOLOGY OF WHITE RAT SPLEEN INDUCED BY THE APPLICATION OF MIMOSIN FROM LEUCAENA LEAF SIMPLISIA

Fri, 05 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Leucaena leucocephala is often used as an alternative feed for cattle. However, the utilization of leucaena leaves as cattle feed needs to be restricted because leucaena contains an anti-nutritional substance called mimosine. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of mimosine exposure from the leucaena plant on the spleen of white rats. The research used twenty male Wistar strain white rats aged 2 months weighing 300–350 grams, with spleen tissue as the sample. The treatment was divided into four different groups, including a negative control group, a positive control group given standard mimosine, and two groups exposed to leucaena leaf simplisia at different doses for 14 days via gavage. On the 15th day, the rats were euthanized for spleen extraction to prepare histopathological slides stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The results of histopathological examination, including congestion, bleeding, and inflammation, were analyzed using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Oral administration of mimosine from leucaena leaf simplisia to the spleen of white rats showed histopathological changes such as congestion, bleeding, and inflammation. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant changes in congestion, bleeding, and inflammation. The Mann-Whitney test between rats given mimosine from leucaena leaf simplisia at doses of 50 mg/head/day and 150 mg/head/day showed a significant effect on inflammatory histopathological changes. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there were histopathological changes, including congestion, bleeding, and inflammation due to mimosine administration from leucaena leaf simplisia compared to controls, and there was an influence of different doses of mimosine from leucaena leaf simplisia between doses of 50 mg/head/day and 150 mg/head/day, especially on inflammatory lesions. It is recommended for future research to further investigate the administration of mimosine from leucaena leaf simplisia over a longer period with larger doses.

SHEDDING DETECTION OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS VACCINE IN LAYING HENS POST-VACCINATION

Ni Kadek Kamala Dewi, Gusti Ayu Yuniati Kencana, Ida Bagus Kade Suardana — Fri, 05 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The poultry industry in Indonesia is still experiencing problems, especially in terms of disease attacks, one of which is Newcastle Disease (ND). ND is caused by Avian Paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV-1) virus and is an infectious and also acute disease in Indonesia. ND management has so far been carried out by vaccination and improved husbandry management. ND vaccination can use active vaccines, inactive vaccines or combination vaccines. Despite vaccination, ND is still frequently reported. The aim of this study was to determine the safety of Newcastle Disease (ND) Genotype VII vaccine based on post-vaccination virus shedding. Shedding viruses leave the body of poultry through excretion, especially feces, which can cause environmental pollution. The samples used were 10 cloacal swab samples of laying hens taken for five periods and isolation of embryonated chicken eggs. The inoculated liquid on embryonated chicken eggs was harvested and HA test was conducted to check the shedding of ND vaccine virus. The results showed no shedding of the vaccine virus characterized by negative results in the HA test. These negative results indicate that the inactivated ND Genotype VII vaccine is safe for the environment, however farmers need to implement biosecurity to prevent the entry of ND into the farm.

HISTOMORPHOMETRY OF THE DEXTER VENTRICLE OF LOCAL BALI DUCKS AT GROWTH PHASE

Fri, 05 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Heart is the main organ in blood circulation which plays a role in pumping blood to all body cells and returning to the heart. Avian heart has four chambers consisting of two atria (dexter and sinister) and two ventricles (dexter and sinister), each chamber has three layers of walls consisting of epicardium, myocardium and endocardium. This study aimed to obtain information about the histological structure and histomorphometry of ventriculus dexter of the bali duck’s heart at grower phase. The study sample used 18 bali ducks, which were divided into two gender groups and each consisted of 9 ducks (3 months old). Ventriculus dexter sample was the processed into a histology preparation by Haematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining. Anatomy and histology results were analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis, while histomorphometry used the anova test with mean estimation using the SPSS 26 program. The mean thickness of the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium in males respectively were 43,11 ± 12,05µm, 1.145,19 ± 133,99µm, 23,41 ± 6,91µm. While in females respectively were 34,98 ± 17,03µm, 1.367,41 ± 412,43µm, 11,86 ± 5,06µm. Histomorphometric data that has been analyzed shows that the results of measuring the thickness of the endocardium are significantly different (P<0,05), while measuring the thickness of the epicardium and myocardium was not significantly different (P>0,05).. It can be concluded that the anatomical structure of the heart and the histological structure of the ventriculus dexter of bali ducks didn’t differ between treatment males and females, but there were differences in the histomorphometry of the endocardial layer. Research on the heart of balinese ducks is still rarely carried out, so further research is needed on the structure and histomorphometry of the epicardium layer, myocardium layer, and endocardium layer of the dexter ventricle or other heart chambers in bali ducks at different phases.

DISINFECTANT APPLICATION LEVELS IN COWSHED FOR PREVENTING OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASES IN GIANYAR

Ni Ketut Vonny, I Ketut Suada, I Wayan Masa Tenaya — Fri, 05 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease that attacks cloven-hoofed livestock such as cattle, buffalo, sheep and goats. The spread of FMD in cattle is prone to occur, therefore efforts are needed to prevent transmission and spread of the disease, one of which is through biosecurity management, namely sanitation and disinfection. The aim of this research is to determine the level of implementation of disinfection in cattle pens and its relationship to preventing FMD cases in cattle in Gianyar Regency, Bali. The data collection method used a questionnaire by conducting interviews with one member of each cattle breeder group consisting of simantri and non-simantri breeder groups in Gianyar Regency. The results of this study show that the level of application of disinfection in preventing FMD by cattle breeders in Gianyar Regency is classified as poor (score ≤ 60%) by 76.7% of breeders, is classified as sufficient (score 60-75%) by 23.3% of breeders, and is classified as good (score ≥ 76%) as many as 0% of breeders. Meanwhile, no relationship was found between the level of disinfectant application and the prevention of FMD cases. It was concluded that cattle breeders in Gianyar Regency had a poor level of disinfection implementation and prevention of FMD transmission had been carried out through vaccination which had an effect on reducing cases. However, implementing disinfection is also important to prevent the possibility of livestock being infected by other infectious diseases. Therefore, breeders are expected to implement biosecurity, namely continuous disinfection to prevent the possibility of infection from other diseases on the farm.

RELETIONSHIP THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATITUDE WITH THE PRACTICES OF PIG FARMERS AGAINST THE APPLICATION OF BIOSECURITIES IN PAYANGAN DISTRICT, GIANYAR BALI

Fadhilla Suryadhi, I Ketut Suada, I Nengah Wandia — Sat, 06 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Farmers play a crucial role in successfully implementation of biosecurity in livestock, this is related to farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and awareness regarding the importance of biosecurity on their farms. This research aims to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and biosecurity practices among farmers, specifically focusing on pig farms in the Payangan District of Gianyar Regency, Bali. Primary data for this study were collected through surveys and directly interviews with 96 breeders. Descriptive analysis was used to discuss the research findings. Additionally, the relationship between independent variables (knowledge and attitudes) and the dependent variable (biosecurity practices) was examined using the Spearman Rank correlation test. In this research, it was found that the level of knowledge of breeders was good, the attitude of breeders was good, and adequate practices regarding the implementation of biosecurity. As for the relationship between levels of knowledge and practice the result was 0.000 (P<0.01), but the r value obtained was very small namely 0.495. Likewise, with the relationship between attitudes and practices, the result was 0.000 (P<0.01), but the r value obtained was very small namely 0.526. In summary, while knowledge and practice are positively related, they represent only a fraction of the factors influencing the successful implementation of biosecurity practices. Based on the result of the study, it can be concluded that pig farms in Payangan District had a good level of knowledge, good attitudes and adequate practices. It is hoped that breeders can maintain their level of knowledge and attitudes, as well as improve biosecurity practices on their farms

RESISTANCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI TO ANTIBIOTICS STEPTOMYCIN, KANAMYCIN, AND AMPICILLIN IN BROILER IN PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN BALI

I Made Agus Wirawan, I Nengah Kerta Besung, Ketut Tono Pasek Gelgel — Sat, 06 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Bacterial resistance has occurred in several antibiotics due to irrational use which makes treatment ineffective. This study aims to determine the resistance of Escherichia coli to the antibiotics streptomycin, kanamycin and ampicillin in broilers in Penebel District, Tabanan Regency of various ages. The research samples were isolated from broiler feces with a total of 20 samples of young broilers and 20 samples of adult broilers. This research used a randomized block design (RBD) by comparing the inhibition zones formed. The results of the sensitivity test using the Kirby-Bauer method of 40 E. coli isolates against streptomycin in young broilers were not resistant (0%), adult broilers were 30% resistant and 30% intermediate, to the antibiotic kanamycin there was no resistance (0%) in all age, and resistance to ampicillin has occurred in 10% of young broilers and 55% of intermediates, 65% of adult broilers and 10% of intermediates. There was a significant decrease in the zone of inhibition for the antibiotics streptomycin and ampicillin against E. coli between young broilers and adult broilers, whereas there was no significant decrease for kanamycin. Strict biosecurity and continuous sensitivity testing are needed so that disease prevention and treatment can be maximized.

HISTOMORPHOMETRIC FEATURES DAN PERCENTAGE OF NEUTROPHILS AND BASOPHILS IN BALI CATTLE BASED ON CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM

Sat, 06 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Bali cattle rearing system in Bali is generally carried out using a conventional system. Conventional rearing is characterized by raising livestock on an area of land with food sources originating from the environment, so that the health of Bali cattle receives less attention. This maintenance method affects the body's resistance, one of the indicators is white blood cells. This study aims to determine the histology, morphometry and white blood cell count of neutrophils and basophils in Bali cattle based on conventional system. This research used samples in the form of blood from 30 Bali cattles, located in Bulian Village, Kubutambahan District, Buleleng Regency. Blood smears were fixed and stained using MDT IndoReagen®. Morphometric measurements of neutrophil and basophil white blood cells using the EP View application with 1000x magnification. Counting the number of neutrophils and basophils is done by counting from the edge of the field to the next edge, up to 100 leukocyte cells. The results showed that neutrophils have light pink, thin granular cytoplasm and have a segmented nucleus of 3-6 dark purple lobes with an average diameter of 5.79±0.57 µm. Basophils have purple granular cytoplasm and have a dark purple nucleus that is multi-segmented (polymorphonuclear) with an average diameter of 6.53±0.78 µm. The histological structure of neutrophils and basophils in Bali cattle based on conventional system is similar to neutrophils in other ruminants. The total number of neutrophil white blood cells was 14% and basophils was 8%. Further research needs to be done regarding health status by looking at other indicators such as the presence of white blood cells, eosinophils, lymphocytes and monocytes in Bali cattle based on conventional systems.

HISTOMORPHOMETRI OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS OF BALI DUCKS USING HISTOCHEMICAL METHODS

Sat, 06 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Bali ducks are one of the local poultry breeds whose meat and eggs are usually used. Bali ducks can experience immune disorders, especially their susceptibility to disease. White blood cells can be used as an indicator of the infection in the body, so white blood cell examination is necessary to evaluate livestock health. This study aims to determine the histomorphometric structure and differences in white blood cells in male and female Bali ducks. This research used blood samples from 8 male Balinese ducks and 8 female Balinese ducks aged two to three months from farms in Mengwi District, Badung Regency. Staining of blood smear was carried out using eosin and methylene blue staining (MDT IndoReagen®). Examination and measurement of blood cell preparations were carried out using an Olympus CX33 microscope and EPView application. Data analysis was carried out using independent samples T-test with the help of SPSS software. The results of histomorphometric examination showed that the heterophyll diameter of male Bali ducks was 5.38±0.62 µm, and the female Bali ducks was 5.23±0.60 µm. The eosinophil diameter of male Bali ducks was 5.49±0.62 µm, and the female Bali ducks was 4.99±0.54 µm. The basophil diameter of male Bali duck was 3.82±0.35 µm, and the female Bali duck was 4.33±0.52 µm. The monocyte diameter of male Bali duck was 5.13±0.72 µm, and the female Bali duck was 4.99±0.37 µm. The lymphocytes diameter of male Bali duck was 4.18±0.74 µm, and the female Bali duck was 4.52±0.58 µm. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is no histomorphometric difference between the white blood cells of male and female Bali ducks (P>0.05). Further research is needed regarding the histomorphometric comparison of white blood cells in Bali ducks at different ages to obtain more complete data.

EVALUATION OF PRESERVED ORGANS OF PLASTINATION WITH THE DEHYDRATION PHASE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Sat, 06 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Organ preservation is an effort to maintain the integrity of organs for a long time by preventing further damage and decay processes. Plastination is an organ preservation process by inserting polymer materials to maintain the shape and composition of the organ. This research aims to evaluate the product of a plastination technique carried out using generic chemicals in the community and equipment. The organs used in this plastination process are heart, brain and lungs from the bali cattle. The research materials and tools needed are distilled water, formalin, acetone, liquid silicone rubber, silicon catalyst, 10 ml syringe, plastic bag/tub with lid, vacuum chamber, plastic bucket/tub without lid, and hardening room/box. The vacuum chamber is made from a modified drum so that it can accommodate cadaver plastination (large size). The plastination technique is carried out in four main stages, one of which is the dehydration phase with acetone which is carried out at room temperature. The plastinated organs that are the product of this technique will be evaluated for their flexibility, color, and odor. The results of this research produce plastinated organs that have a stiff texture, pale color, and a non-pungent odor. From the research results obtained, it can be suggested that it needs to be stored in a vacuum for longer (for 1 week) so that the texture can resemble its original shape.

HISTOMORPHOMETRY OF EOSINOPHILS AND ERYTHROCYTES OF CONVENTIONALLY REARED BALI CATTLE

Titi Humairah Bahtiar, Ni Ketut Suwiti, I Ketut Suatha — Sat, 06 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Blood tissue is an indicator of the health status of Balinese cattle. The presence of red blood cells or erythrocytes and white blood cells such as eosinophils is very important because they play a role in the infection process. Therefore, this study aims to determine the histology and morphometry of eosinophils and erythrocytes as well as the number of eosinophils in Balinese cattle raised in a conventional way. The samples used were 30 cows, taken from Balinese cows raised in Bulian Village, Kubutambahan District, Buleleng Regency. The blood tissue was prepared with MDT staining. Morphometric measurement of eosinophil and erythrocyte white blood cells using EP View application with 1000x magnification. Counting the number of eosinophils was done per 100 leukocyte cells. The results showed that eosinophils were round in shape and had a purplish-colored 2-lobed nucleus and bright pink granulated cytoplasm with an average diameter of 5.90 ± 1.04 µm. Erythrocytes have a discocyte shape without a purple nucleus and several variations of elliptocyte shapes with a mean diameter of 3.62 ± 0.19 µm. The mean white blood cell eosinophils of conventionally reared Balinese cattle was 7%. Further research is needed to assess health status by looking at other indicators such as physiological status in conventionally reared Balinese cattle.

IMPLEMENTATION OF ANIMAL WELFARE ON PIG FARMS IN SEBATU AND TARO VILLAGE, TEGALLALANG DISTRICT, GIANYAR BALI

Ni Putu Juni Ratna Dewi, Kadek Karang Agustina, Romy Muhammad Dary Mufa — Sat, 06 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The increasing demand for pork has led some farmers to allegedly ignore animal welfare principles, focusing more on achieving high production targets. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of animal welfare standards on pig farms in Sebatu and Taro Village, and see the differences between the two villages. The method used was a survey of farmers, namely 25 farmers in each of the two villages. The data obtained were analysed descriptively and comparatively. The results showed that pig farmers in Sebatu and Taro villages have implemented animal welfare very well 54% and 46%. Comparative analysis found no difference in the application of animal welfare between the sampling villages. It can be concluded that the principles of animal welfare have been fulfilled for pigs in Sebatu and Taro Village. It is recommended that farmers reduce the use of battery cages, and provide enrichment facilities for pigs to express their natural habits.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ANIMAL WELFARE STANDARDS ON PIG FARMS IN THE HIGHLANDS AND LOWLAND AREA IN GIANYAR BALI

Sat, 06 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Animal welfare is everything related to the physical and mental state of animals in accordance with the standard of natural animal behaviour that needs to be implemented to protect animals from inappropriate treatment by humans. This study aims to determine the description of the application of animal welfare on pig farms in the highlands and lowlands in Gianyar Regency. The research design was observational by interviewing 20 farmers in each of Puhu Village (highland) and Pering Village (lowland) conducted in January 2024 using an integrated questionnaire. The data obtained were then analysed descriptively qualitatively and presented in tabular form. The Mann Whitney test was conducted to determine the difference between the application of animal welfare standards in highland and lowland areas. The results showed that the application of animal welfare on pig farms in Gianyar was in the very good category 30%, good category 65%, and fair category 5%. While the results of the comparison test found a difference in the fulfilment of the principle of free expression of the natural behaviour of pigs. It can be concluded there was a difference between the application of animal welfare standards on pig farms in the highlands and lowlands. It is recommended that pig farmers in Pering village provide enrichment facilities for pigs to express their natural behaviour.

THE LEVEL OF IMPLEMENTATION OF CATTLE FARM BIOSECURITY SYSTEM RELATED TO PREVENTION OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN GIANYAR REGENCY OF BALI

Jazuli Azra Mr, I Ketut Suada, Romy Muhammad Dary Mufa — Sun, 07 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Foot Foot and Mouth Disease is one of the acute diseases, this disease is caused by a virus of the genus Aphtovirus. This virus attacks cloven-hoofed animals both livestock and wild animals, the spread rate of FMD virus is very high, the mortality rate of this virus is 20% in young animals and 2% in adult animals. To prevent this disease itself, in addition to vaccination, it is necessary to apply biosecurity. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of application of biosecurity system in cattle farms, for the sample used in this study are simantri cattle farms and cattle groups (non-simantri) in Gianyar Regency. This research was conducted with interview techniques to simantri cattle farmers and cattle groups (non-simantri) in Gianyar Regency using a questionnaire. The results of the research previously tabulated into Microsoft Excel and analyzed descriptively qualitative shows that the level of application of biosecurity system on cattle farms in Gianyar regency is categorized into the category of sufficient. This shows that the application of biosecurity on cattle farms in Gianyar Regency has not been implemented properly. Based on the research results obtained, there are several suggestions given by the author, as follows: Although the spread of foot and mouth disease in Gianyar Regency has decreased, farmers are expected to always pay attention to the sanitation of cages and the cleanliness of their livestock, because poor sanitation is a source of disease, Traffic supervision or traffic control must also be considered by farmers, because this component is a very large factor in the spread of a pathogen, things that need to be considered are: As an effort to prevent the re-entry of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle farms owned by farmers in Gianyar Regency, it is hoped that farmers can improve the biosecurity system on their farms. Where biosecurity is the main guard in protecting livestock from the spread of disease-causing microorganisms.