INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF SMALL SCALE FARMING

Contribution of Cocoa Farming to Farmer Income

July Helena Saragih — Thu, 24 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Belatungan Village, located in Pupuan Sub-district, Tabanan Regency, is known as one of the plantation centers in Bali. Cocoa, as the main commodity, is the main source of livelihood for the local community. Cocoa farming has faced numerous challenges in recent years, including climate change, pest and disease outbreaks, and fluctuations in market prices. This study aims to determine the extent to which cocoa farming contributes to farmers' income and to compare income from cocoa farming with income from farming other than cocoa in Belatungan Village.

METHODS

This research used interviews and a literature study. The data analysis method analyzes the contribution of cocoa farming to farmers' income and compares cocoa farming with other farms using the t-test.

FINDINGS

The results showed that cocoa farming is the main source of income for farmers, with a contribution of IDR 53,912,366 or 63.13% of the total average income per year of IDR 85,402,209, which is in the medium category and close to the high income threshold. Income earned by farmers from coffee farming (24.14%), cloves (7.44%), and non-farm farming (5.30%) is a complementary source of income. The t-test analysis showed a significant difference between cocoa farming income and farming other than cocoa (t-count = 3.71 > t-table = 0.2120). The results showed that cocoa has a big role in the regional economy, so it is necessary to increase cocoa productivity and farm diversification to strengthen the economic resilience of farmers in Belatungan Village.

CONCLUSION

Dependence on income from a single commodity, which is not optimal, can be addressed with several steps. First, the diversification of farming businesses. Second, increasing access to markets and technology. Third, increased government support for cocoa farming sustainability, thereby improving the overall welfare of farmers.

Marketing Strategy To Increase Exports Sales Volume Gum Damar

Muhammad Rahul Ali Fahrezi, Jabal Tarik Ibrahim — Thu, 24 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Gum damar (Shorea javanica) is a high value non timber forest product with strong export potential, particularly due to its applications in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and manufacturing industries. CV. Media Mitra Indonesia, as one of the exporters of gum damar, faces challenges in increasing its export sales volume. These challenges include limited human resources, low adoption of digital marketing technologies, and intensifying competition from other producing countries such as India and Vietnam. This study aims to identify the internal and external factors influencing the company and to formulate appropriate marketing strategies to enhance competitiveness and promote sustainable export growth.

METHODS

This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach supported by SWOT analysis, along with IFAS and EFAS matrices, and strategic mapping using the SWOT and SPACE matrices. Data were collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews with key informants, and the distribution of Likert-scale questionnaires to the company’s export marketing team.

FINDINGS

The findings reveal that the company’s main strengths lie in product quality, distribution efficiency, and a positive export image. However, it also faces internal weaknesses such as limited human resources and underutilized digital technology. On the external side, opportunities such as market expansion and government support outweigh threats like export regulations and global competition. The S-O (Strength–Opportunity) strategy was selected as the primary strategic direction, supported by the SPACE Matrix results, which positioned the company in the aggressive quadrant indicating readiness for proactive expansion.

CONCLUSION:

An aggressive strategy is considered the most suitable approach to respond to global market dynamics and reinforce the company’s export position for gum damar. The study contributes to the development of marketing strategies for non-timber forest commodities in the mid-scale agribusiness sector. Recommendations include strengthening brand identity, advancing digital export capabilities, enhancing human resource competencies, and fostering product innovation. The limitation of this study lies in its relatively small respondent base; therefore, future research is encouraged to include a broader range of industry actors to achieve more representative findings.

Analysis of Curly Red Chili Farming

Egi Tri Saputra Pinem, Anak Agung Ayu Wulandira Sawitri Djelantik — Thu, 24 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Buahan Village, located in the Kintamani District of Bangli Regency, is recognized as one of the most fertile areas that supports agricultural activities, particularly the cultivation of curly red chili. However, farmers in Buahan Village face several challenges in growing curly red chili, including pest and disease attacks that cause decay in the leaves and stems of the plants. Moreover, they are experiencing rising production costs each year, especially in plant maintenance, such as fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemical inputs. These challenges have led to a decline in production and an increase in farming expenses. The decrease in yield has resulted in a shortage of chili supply, leading to price fluctuations.

METHODS

This study uses a descriptive quantitative method. Data were collected through questionnaires and structured interviews with 33 farmers, who were selected using accidental sampling. Primary data was obtained directly from respondents, while secondary data came from documents and written references. Data analysis included: 1) Calculation of revenue, 2) Calculation of income, and 3) Measurement of the feasibility of the R/C ratio of curly red chili farming.

FINDINGS

The average revenue of curly red chili farmers reached Rp 38,409,712 with a cultivated land area of 31 ares in one planting season. The net income earned by these farmers was Rp 15,869,267, which was calculated by subtracting the total costs of Rp 22,540,445 from the total income of Rp 38,409,712 during the same season. The profitability of curly red chili farming is 1.7, which is greater than 1. This means that for every Rp 1 spent, farmers earn Rp 1.70, indicating that curly red chili farming is viable and financially worthwhile.

CONCLUSION

The average revenue of curly red chili farmers reaches IDR 38,409,712 with a cultivated land area of 31 ares in one planting season. The total costs incurred by red chili pepper farmers during one growing season amount to Rp 22,540,445. The income earned by red chili pepper farmers reaches Rp 15,699,267 with a cultivated land area of 31 ares per growing season. The profitability of red chili farming reaches a value of 1.7, where > 1. This means that every expenditure of Rp 1 will yield an income of Rp 1.7, making red chili farming viable and worth pursuing.

Construction of Rice Milling Unit (RMU) as an Effort to Provide Price Certainty for Farmers and Meet the Rice Needs of the Community

I Ketut Arnawa, I Made Budiasa, Made Suryana — Thu, 24 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Farmers in Badung Regency face uncertainty in rice prices, which affects their welfare. Price instability makes it difficult for farmers to earn a decent and sustainable income. To overcome this problem, constructing a Rice Milling Unit (RMU) is one strategic solution, as it can guarantee the price of rice received by farmers. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of RMU development from three main aspects: rice availability, community rice demand, and financial feasibility.

METHODS

This descriptive study was conducted in Badung Regency, Bali Province. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires and interviews with farmers, business actors, and relevant policymakers. The feasibility analysis of rice availability and rice demand was conducted descriptively. Meanwhile, financial feasibility was analyzed using several investment criteria, namely Net Present Value (NPV), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period.

FINDINGS

The study's results indicate that the construction of an RMU is feasible in Badung Regency. This region has production and consumption potential that supports the project in terms of rice availability and demand. From the financial aspect, the project shows profitable results with an NPV of Rp. 171,931,999.193, Net B/C of 1.2900, IRR of 25.05%, and a Payback Period of 1.44 years.

CONCLUSION

The construction of a rice milling unit in Badung Regency is an appropriate solution to address the uncertainty farmers face in paddy prices. In addition to ensuring stable paddy prices, this development supports rice availability for the community at stable prices

The Influence Of Socioeconomic Factors On Sustainable Pepper Agroforestry Systems

Annisa Ambar Justitia, Yudi Sapta Pranoto, Rostiar Sitorus — Thu, 24 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Pepper production in Central Bangka Regency declined from 2019 to 2023 because pepper cultivation practices have not yet been implemented according to GAP (Good Agricultural Practices). The agroforestry system is one approach to addressing this issue. However, many pepper farmers have not widely applied this system, so it is necessary to understand farmers' attitudes toward the successful implementation of a sustainable pepper agroforestry system. This study aims to describe pepper farmers' attitudes toward the agroforestry system as a solution for sustainable agriculture and analyze the socioeconomic factors influencing their adoption of a sustainable pepper agroforestry system in Central Bangka Regency.

METHODS:

The research method used is quantitative with a descriptive approach and multiple linear regression analysis. Primary data were collected through questionnaires from 105 pepper farmers selected by purposive sampling.

FINDINGS:

The results show that the attitude of pepper farmers towards the agroforestry system falls into the ‘agree’ category, with an average variable achievement rate of 80.27%. The cognitive and conative attitude components fall into the strongly agree category, while the affective component falls into the agree category. Socioeconomic factors have a significant simultaneous effect on the attitude of pepper farmers in implementing a sustainable pepper agroforestry system, contributing 64.2%. Partially, the variables of age, formal education, income, and culture have a significant effect on the attitude of pepper farmers in implementing a sustainable pepper agroforestry system, while the variables of non-formal education and farming experience do not have a significant effect.

CONCLUSION:

The attitude of pepper farmers towards the agroforestry system is in the strongly agree category, consisting of cognitive, affective, and conative components. Socioeconomic factors simultaneously have a significant effect on the attitude of pepper farmers in implementing a sustainable pepper agroforestry system. Meanwhile, partially, the socioeconomic factor variables that influence the attitude of pepper farmers include age, formal education, income, and culture.