KARAKTERISASI KITOSAN CANGKANG KERANG METI DARI SUNGAI LA’A KECAMATAN PETASIA KABUPATEN MOROWALI UTARA

Abstract

      Shells of Meti (Batissa violacea) are a species that contains chitosan, which can be utilized in various fields depending on its degree of deacetylation. This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions (concentration, temperature, ratio (b/v), and time) for each stage of producing chitin and chitosan, as well as to analyze their characteristics. The process of making chitosan consists of three main stages: deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation. The characterization of chitin and chitosan includes tests for water content, ash content, total nitrogen (N-total), and the degree of deacetylation (DD), which are assessed using an FTIR spectrophotometer. The research findings indicate that the optimal conditions for deproteination are a 2.5% NaOH concentration, a reaction temperature of 60°C, a ratio of 1:10 (b/v), and a reaction time of 90 minutes. During the demineralization stage, the optimal conditions are a 1 M HCl concentration, a reaction temperature of 70°C, a ratio of 1:10 (b/v), and a time of 90 minutes. For the deacetylation stage, the optimal conditions are a 40% NaOH concentration, a reaction temperature of 80°C, a ratio of 1:10 (b/v), and a time of 240 minutes. The characterization results for optimum chitin show a water content of 0.41%, ash content of 0.79%, N-total of 1.66%, and a DD of 63.27%. In contrast, the characterization results for chitosan reveal a water content of 0.2%, ash content of 0.88%, N-total of 5.48%, and a DD of 77.31%.

Keywords: characterization; mussel; chitosan; optimization

Abstrak

          Kerang meti (Batissa violacea L.) merupakan sumber kitin yang berpotensi untuk diolah menjadi kitosan, yang aplikasinya luas tergantung pada tingkat derajat deasetilasi (DD). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kondisi optimal dalam proses produksi kitin dan kitosan yang meliputi tahap deproteinasi, demineralisasi, dan deasetilasi serta menganalisis karakteristik produk yang dihasilkan, seperti kadar air, kadar abu, kandungan nitrogen total (N-total), dan derajat deasetilasi menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR. Kondisi optimum untuk tahap deproteinasi diperoleh pada penggunaan larutan NaOH 2,5% pada suhu 60°C dengan rasio sampel terhadap pelarut 1:10 (b/v) selama 90 menit. Tahap demineralisasi paling efektif dicapai dengan HCl 1 M pada suhu 70°C dan rasio 1:10 (b/v) selama 90 menit. Sementara itu, deasetilasi optimal dilakukan menggunakan NaOH 40% pada suhu 80°C dengan rasio 1:10 (b/v) selama 240 menit. Kitin yang dihasilkan pada kondisi optimum memiliki kadar air sebesar 0,41%, kadar abu 0,79%, N-total 1,66%, dan derajat deasetilasi sebesar 63,27%. Adapun kitosan menunjukkan kadar air 0,2%, kadar abu 0,88%, N-total 5,48%, serta DD sebesar 77,31%.

Kata kunci: karakterisasi; kerang; kitosan; optimasi