PEMANFAATAN BENTONIT TERMODIFIKASI BKC SEBAGAI CARRIER UNSUR KALIUM DALAM FORMULASI PUPUK LEPAS LAMBAT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i01.p14Abstract
The inefficient release of potassium fertilizer is caused by potassium, which is easily soluble in water and can be quickly leached from the root zone, especially in sandy soil. Coating potassium fertilizer with clay is done to produce fertilizer products with slower release properties, thereby increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of potassium fertilizer use and reducing environmental pollution. This study aims to study the process of coating potassium fertilizer with modified clay as a slow-release fertilizer. Clay modification is carried out by activating the clay with 1.5 M sulfuric acid and intercalating with Benzalkonium Chloride (BKC). The synthesis of slow-release fertilizer (SRF) uses a mixing method by eluting potassium compounds into 20 g of bentonite by varying the mass of potassium by 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g. The results of the study showed that the modified bentonite had better characteristics than natural bentonite, namely, the surface area increased from 25.55 m2/g to 48.70 m2/g, and basal spacing increased from 12.56 Å to 14.30 Å. The ability to bind potassium elements increased from 13.34% to 44.25%.
Keywords: Fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, modified clay, slow-release fertilizer
Abstrak
Pelepasan pupuk kalium yang kurang efisien diakibatkan karena kalium yang mudah larut dalam air dan dapat dengan cepat tercuci dari zona perakaran terutama pada tanah berpasir. Pelapisan pupuk kalium dengan lempung dilakukan untuk menghasilkan produk pupuk dengan sifat pelepasan yang lebih lambat, sehingga akan meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisensi penggunaan pupuk kalium serta mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari proses pelapisan (coating) pupuk kalium dengan lempung termodifikasi sebagai pupuk lepas lambat. Modifikasi lempung dilakukan dengan aktivasi lempung dengan asam sulfat 1,5 M dan interkalasi dengan Benzal Konium Klorida (BKC). Sintesis pupuk slow-release fertilizer (SRF) mengunakan metode pencampuran dengan mengelusikan senyawa kalium ke dalam 20 g bentonit dengan memvariasikan massa kalium sebesar 10, 20, 30, 40, dan 50 g. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bentonit yang dimodifikasi memiliki karakter yang lebih baik dibanding bentonit alam yakni luas permukaan meningkat dari 25,55 m2/g menjadi 48,70 m2/gdan basal spacing meningkat dari 12,56 Å menjadi 14.30 Å. Kemampuan mengikat unsur kalium meningkat dari 13,34 % menjadi 44,25 %.
Kata kunci: pupuk, pupuk kalium, bentonit termodifikasi, pupuk lepas lambat
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