AKTIVITAS ANTIJAMUR EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN, BUAH, AKAR, DAN KULIT BATANG BISBUL (Diospyros blancoi A.DC) TERHADAP Candida albicans
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i02.p01Keywords:
Candida albicans, Diospyros blancoi, antifungal activity, methanol extractAbstract
Infections caused by Candida albicans remain a serious health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates, despite the availability of various therapeutic treatments. The management of these infections is often challenged by drug resistance, adverse side effects, and relatively high treatment costs, highlighting the need for safer and more effective antifungal alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of methanolic extracts from leaves, fruits, roots, and stem bark of bisbul (Diospyros blancoi A.DC) against Candida albicans. The extracts were obtained using the maceration method with methanol as the solvent and were tested using the disc diffusion method at a concentration of 2.5%. The results showed that the methanolic extract of bisbul stem bark exhibited the highest antifungal activity with an average inhibition zone of 22.1 mm, followed by root extract (21.6 mm), fruit extract (20.3 mm), and leaf extract (19.8 mm). Based on inhibition zone classification, the stem bark, root, and fruit extracts were categorized as having very strong antifungal activity, while the leaf extract was classified as strong. These findings indicate that various parts of the bisbul plant have potential as natural antifungal agents, particularly in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans.
Abstrak
Infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Candida albicans merupakan masalah kesehatan serius dengan tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi, meskipun telah tersedia berbagai pengobatan. Pengobatan infeksi ini sering menghadapi kendala berupa resistensi, efek samping, dan biaya yang relatif tinggi, sehingga diperlukan alternatif antijamur yang lebih aman dan efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antijamur dari ekstrak metanol daun, buah, akar, dan kulit batang tanaman bisbul (Diospyros blancoi A.DC) terhadap Candida albicans. Ekstrak diperoleh melalui metode maserasi dengan pelarut metanol dan diuji menggunakan metode difusi cakram pada konsentrasi 2,5% (n=3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol kulit batang bisbul memiliki aktivitas antijamur paling tinggi dengan zona hambat rata-rata sebesar 22,1 mm, diikuti oleh akar sebesar 21,6 mm, buah 20,3 mm, dan daun sebesar 19,8 mm. Berdasarkan klasifikasi daya hambat, ekstrak kulit batang, akar, dan buah termasuk dalam kategori sangat kuat, sedangkan ekstrak daun termasuk kategori kuat. Hasil ini menunjukkan potensi dari berbagai bagian tanaman bisbul sebagai antijamur alami, khususnya dalam penghambatan pertumbuhan Candida albicans.
Kata kunci: Candida albicans, Diospyros blancoi, aktivitas antijamur, ekstrak metanol
References
Aljohny, B. O., Rauf, A., Anwar, Y., Naz, S., & Wadood, A. 2021. Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antioxidant, and Docking Studies of Potential Dinaphthodiospyrols from Diospyros lotus Linn Roots. ACS Omega, 6(8): 5878–5885.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c06297
Demetillo, M. T., Nuñeza, O. M., Uy, M. M., & Senarath, W. T. P. S. K. 2019. Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant And Antidiabetic Evaluation Of Leaf Extracts From Diospyros blancoi A. DC. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 10(8): 3951.
https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.10(8).3951-56
Dewi, L.K., R. Milenia., L.S. Islam., & B. Ismuyanto. 2024. Pengaruh Suhu Ekstraksi dan Kecepatan Pengadukan terhadap Karakteristik Crude Ekstrak Stevia. Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU, 13(2): 71–79.
https://doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v13i2.17131
Dzoyem, J. P., Tangmouo, J. G., Lontsi, D., Etoa, F. X., & Lohoue, P. J. 2007. In Vitro antifungal activity of extract and plumbagin from the stem bark of Diospyros crassiflora Hiern (Ebenaceae). Phytotherapy Research, 21(7): 671–674.
https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2140
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2017. Farmakope Herbal Indonesia Edisi II. Kementerian Kesehatan RI, Jakarta.
Herawati, M., Deviyanti, S., & Ferhad, A. 2021. The Antifungal Potential of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Leaf Extract Against Candida albicans. Journal of Indonesian Dental Association, 4(1): 55–60.
https://doi.org/10.32793/jida.v4i1.515
Hu, J., Dong, B., Wang, D., Meng, H., Li, X., & Zhou, H. 2023. Genomic and metabolic features of Bacillus cereus, inhibiting the growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by synthesizing secondary metabolites. Archives of Microbiology, 205(8): 1–13.
https://doi.org/10.1007/S00203-022-03351-5/FIGURES/5
Khan, M. A., Rahman, M. M., Sardar, M. N., Arman, M. S. I., Islam, M. B., Khandakar, M. J. A., Rashid, M., Sadik, G., & Alam, A. H. M. K. 2016. Comparative investigation of the free radical scavenging potential and anticancer property of Diospyros blancoi (Ebenaceae). Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 6(5): 410–417.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.03.004
Kristiana, M., F. Fitriyana., & N. Kurnyawaty. 2023. Pengaruh Waktu Maserasi Terhadap Senyawa Flavonoid Dari Umbi Bawang Dayak. Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vokasional (JIMSI), 3(2): 66–71.
https://doi.org/10.46964/jimsi.v3i2.547
Nadia, N., Elysa, D., Mambang, P., Pandapotan Nasution, M., & Rahayu, Y. P. 2023. Efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun bisbul (Diospyros discolor Willd) terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, 4(6): 1693–1700.
Noviardi, H., Ratnasari, D., & Fermadianto, M. 2019. Formulasi Sediaan Krim Tabir Surya dari Ekstrak Etanol Buah Bisbul (Diospyros blancoi). JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA, 17(2): 262–271.
https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v17i2.771
Noviyanto, F., Hodijah, S., Farmasi, J., Farmasi, F., Salsabila Serang, S., Raya Serang-Pandeglang Km, J., Serang, K., Banten, U., Raya Labuan, J. K., & Korespondensi, P. 2020. Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Bangle (zingiber purpureum roxb.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal Syifa Sciences and Clinical Research, 2(1): 31–38.
https://doi.org/10.37311/JSSCR.V2I1.2665
Prameswary, A. D., & Angio, M. H. 2021. Potensi Enam Tanaman Buah Lokal Terpilih Koleksi Kebun Raya Purwodadi. Prosiding Biologi Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals with Biodiversity in Confronting Climate Change, 250–259.
Rachmatiah, T., & Octaviani, R. 2022. Aktivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Daun Bisbul (Diospyros blancoi A. DC.) terhadap Trichophyton mentagrophytes dan Malassezia furfur. Saintech Farma: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian, 15(2): 57–64.
Retnowati, Y., & Katili, A. S. 2023. Antibacterial activity of sponge-associated bacteria from Torosiaje marine area, Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversity Journal of Biological Diversity, 24(2): 1151–1156.
https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/12884/6600
Saputra, G., Nugraha, A. P., Rosari, T. S., Budhy, T. I., Ernawati, D. S., Sibero, M. T., Nugraha, A. P., Ramadhani, N. F., & Noor Tengku Natasha Eleena binti Tengku Ahmad. 2022. Mangrove Ethanol Extract (Aegiceras corniculatum) Failed to Inhibit Candida albicans Growth Isolated from Oral Candidiasis HIV/AIDS patient in vitro. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research, 15(3): 1236–1241.
Talapko, J., Juzbašić, M., Matijević, T., Pustijanac, E., Bekić, S., Kotris, I., & Škrlec, I. 2021. Candida albicans—The Virulence Factors and Clinical Manifestations of Infection. Journal of Fungi, 7(2): 79.
https://doi.org/10.3390/JOF7020079
Utami, M. R., & R.D. Anjani. 2020. Analisis Fitokimia Dan Toksisitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun, Kulit Batang, Akar Tanaman Simpur (Dillenia indica L) Dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Media Farmasi, 16(2): 230.
https://doi.org/10.32382/mf.v16i2.1746
Vaishali, Khan, J., & Azmi, W. 2021. Strategies for The Management of Candida albicans Infection. Annals of Phytomedicine, 10(2): 145–156.
