SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT BIOCHAR/ZnO/Fe3O4 DARI LIMBAH BAGLOG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i02.p12Keywords:
adsorpsi, baglog, komposit, metilen biru, biocharAbstract
Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) from oyster mushroom cultivation is a lignocellulosic biomass with high potential for conversion into biochar. This study aims to synthesize and characterize biochar/ZnO/Fe3O- composite (ZMB) from spent mushroom substrate modified via ZnCl2 and FeCl3 impregnation followed by pyrolysis at 600°C. This modification was intended to enhance the specific surface area and impart magnetic properties to the adsorbent for easier post-adsorption separation. Material characterization was conducted using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and SAA-BET. FTIR analysis indicated the formation of Fe-O and Zn-O bonds within the composite structure. XRD patterns confirmed the presence of ZnO and Fe3O4 crystal phases in the biochar matrix. SEM analysis revealed a rougher and more heterogeneous surface morphology, while EDX detected the presence of Fe and Zn elements. BET analysis showed that the ZMB composite possessed a specific surface area of 362.809 m²/g with a total pore volume of 0.2554 cm³/g, which is superior to unmodified biochar. Furthermore, the resulting composite exhibited magnetic properties, allowing for separation from solution using an external magnet.
ABSTRAK
Limbah baglog jamur tiram merupakan biomassa lignoselulosa yang potensial untuk dikonversi menjadi biochar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis dan mengkarakterisasi komposit biochar/ZnO/Fe3O4 (ZMB) dari limbah baglog yang dimodifikasi melalui impregnasi ZnCl2 dan FeCl3 serta pirolisis pada suhu 600°C. Modifikasi ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan luas permukaan spesifik dan memberikan sifat magnetik pada adsorben untuk memudahkan pemisahan pasca-adsorpsi. Karakterisasi material dilakukan menggunakan FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, dan SAA-BET. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan terbentuknya ikatan Fe-O dan Zn-O pada struktur komposit. Pola difraksi XRD mengonfirmasi keberadaan fasa kristal ZnO dan Fe3O4 pada matriks biochar. Analisis SEM memperlihatkan morfologi permukaan yang lebih kasar dan heterogen, sementara EDX mendeteksi keberadaan unsur Fe dan Zn. Analisis BET menunjukkan bahwa komposit ZMB memiliki luas permukaan spesifik sebesar 362,809 m²/g dengan volume pori total 0,2554 cm³/g, yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan biochar tanpa modifikasi. Selain itu, komposit yang dihasilkan memiliki sifat magnetik yang memungkinkan pemisahan dari larutan menggunakan magnet eksternal.
Kata kunci: adsorpsi, baglog, komposit, metilen biru, biochar
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