FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIQUID HAND SOAP CONTAINING Physalis angulata L. LEAF RESIDUAL FRACTION AS AN ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT AGAINST Escherichia coli
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i02.p11Keywords:
antibacterial activity, Escherichia coli, leaf extract, liquid hand soap, Physalis angulata L.Abstract
Physalis angulata L., commonly known as Ciplukan, is an Indonesian medicinal plant rich in antibacterial bioactive compounds. This study formulated a liquid hand soap enriched with the active fraction of Ciplukan leaf extract and evaluated its physicochemical characteristics and antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli. The leaves underwent maceration and subsequent fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. A 1000 ppm residual fraction exhibited the highest antibacterial activity (2.75 mm), and phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. Furthermore, FTIR analysis results supported the presence of these compounds. The active fraction was incorporated into a liquid soap formulation, resulting in a product with a pale-yellow color and lemon fragrance. Physicochemical evaluation confirmed that the soap met quality standards, featuring a pH of 6.84, foam stability of 85.53%, viscosity of 14.95 cP, and free fatty acid content of 0.85%. Furthermore, antibacterial testing showed that the formulated soap yielded an inhibition zone of 21.27 mm, which was not significantly different from the negative control. These results indicate that the soap’s strong antibacterial activity is primarily driven by its base, suggesting the Ciplukan fraction serves as a natural bioactive enrichment.
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