PENGARUH SUHU KALSINASI TERHADAP BANDGAP SEMIKONDUKTOR TiO2 SEBAGAI FOTOANODA PADA KACA SUBSTRAT CuSnO3 UNTUK APLIKASI DSSC
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i02.p13Keywords:
Bandgap, CuSnO₃, Kalsinasi, Titanium dioksidaAbstract
The increasing demand for renewable energy has encouraged the development of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) as an environmentally friendly and low-cost alternative solar cell technology. This study aimed to investigate the effect of calcination temperature variations on the bandgap value of TiO₂ as a photoanode on CuSnO₃ substrates and to evaluate the characteristics of CuSnO₃ as an alternative conductive substrate material to replace FTO and ITO glass in DSSC applications. CuSnO₃ substrates were synthesized using the sol-gel method with SnCl₂·2H₂O and Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O precursors dissolved in methanol and stabilized using diethanolamine (DEA). The CuSnO₃ thin films were deposited on glass substrates using the spin coating method and calcined at 550 °C for 2 hours. TiO₂ paste was prepared by mixing TiO₂ powder with ethanol and coated onto the CuSnO₃ substrate using the doctor blade technique. TiO₂ calcination temperatures were varied at 400, 450, 500, and 550 °C for 30 minutes. Characterization was carried out using UV-DRS to determine the bandgap through the Tauc Plot method, SEM-EDS to analyze surface morphology and elemental composition, and Four Point Probe (FPP) to evaluate electrical conductivity. The results showed that the CuSnO₃ thin film had a bandgap value of 2.12 eV and an obstacle 458,89 Ω. The surface morphology indicated irregular and agglomerated particles. The TiO₂ bandgap values were 3.16, 3.03, 3.103, and 3.095 eV at calcination temperatures of 400, 450, 500, and 550 °C, respectively. The minimum bandgap value was measured at a temperature of 450 °C with a value of 3.03 eV, indicating enhanced visible light absorption and the potential to improve DSSC efficiency.
ABSTRAK
Kebutuhan terhadap sumber energi terbarukan mendorong pengembangan teknologi Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) sebagai alternatif sel surya yang ramah lingkungan dan berbiaya rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi suhu kalsinasi terhadap nilai bandgap TiO₂ sebagai fotoanoda pada substrat CuSnO₃ serta mengevaluasi karakteristik substrat CuSnO₃ sebagai material alternatif pengganti kaca konduktif FTO dan ITO pada DSSC. Substrat CuSnO₃ disintesis menggunakan metode sol-gel dengan prekursor SnCl₂·2H₂O dan Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O dalam pelarut metanol serta penambahan diethanolamine (DEA) sebagai penstabil. Lapisan CuSnO₃ dideposisikan pada kaca preparat menggunakan metode spin coating dan dikalsinasi pada suhu 550 °C selama 2 jam. Pasta TiO₂ dibuat menggunakan metode pencampuran TiO₂ dan etanol, kemudian dilapiskan pada substrat CuSnO₃ menggunakan metode doctor blade. Variasi suhu kalsinasi TiO₂ dilakukan pada 400, 450, 500, dan 550 °C selama 30 menit. Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan UV-DRS untuk menentukan nilai bandgap melalui metode Tauc plot, SEM-EDS untuk analisis morfologi dan komposisi unsur, serta Four Point Probe (FPP) untuk pengujian resistivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lapisan tipis CuSnO₃ memiliki nilai bandgap sebesar 2,12 eV dan hambatan 458,89 Ω. Morfologi permukaan CuSnO₃ menunjukkan partikel yang tidak homogen dan saling menempel. Nilai bandgap TiO₂ berturut-turut sebesar 3,16; 3,03; 3,103; dan 3,095 eV untuk suhu kalsinasi 400, 450, 500, dan 550 °C. Nilai bandgap minimum yang terukur pada suhu 450 °C sebesar 3,03 eV yang menunjukkan peningkatan kemampuan penyerapan cahaya dan potensi peningkatan efisiensi DSSC.
Kata kunci: Bandgap, CuSnO₃ , Kalsinasi, Titanium dioksida
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