Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry)
type: channel
description: Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) publishes papers on all aspects of fundamental and applied chemistry. The journal is naturally broad in scope, welcomes submissions from across a range of disciplines, and reports both theoretical and experimental studies. As well as original research, Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) also publishes focused review articles that examine the state of the art, identify emerging trends, and suggest future directions for developing fields.
publisher: Program Studi Kimia FMIPA Universitas Udayana
language: en-US
publication name: Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry)
issn: 1907-9850
items: AKTIVITAS ANTIJAMUR EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN, BUAH, AKAR, DAN KULIT BATANG BISBUL (Diospyros blancoi A.DC) TERHADAP Candida albicans
items: EKSTRAK DAUN SUJI (Dracaena angustifolia) SEBAGAI INHIBITOR KOROSI PADA BAJA ST 37 DALAM MEDIA HCl 3,5% DAN NaCl 3,5%
items: ISOLASI, IDENTIFIKASI MOLEKULER, DAN POTENSI BIOAKTIVITAS JAMUR YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN SPONS LAUT Stylissa massa, Nigrospora sphaerica SP2-2-4
items: PENGARUH PRETREATMENT TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA GAHARU NON-RESINOUS DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI NATURAL FRAGRANCE
items: SINTESIS BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK JELANTAH SECARA HIDROLISIS-ESTERIFIKASI PADA BERBAGAI VARIASI METANOL DAN KATALIS
items: PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIALS, ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS, AND DEVELOPMENT OF TERRESTRIAL AND MARINE-DERIVED NATURAL PRODUCTS-BASED TOPICAL SUNSCREENS
items: UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI EKSTRAK N-HEKSAN KAYU SECANG (Caesalpinia sappan L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Salmonella enterica SECARA IN VITRO DAN IN SILICO
items: SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI SENYAWA DIBUTILTIMAH(IV) 2-ETIL-6-METIL ANILIN DITIOKARBAMAT SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI Salmonella typhi DAN Staphylococcus aureus
items: PENGEMBANGAN METODE DAN PENETAPAN KADAR ZAT PEWARNA YELLOW FCF, ALLURA, METHANIL YELLOW DAN TARTRAZINE SECARA SIMULTAN PADA MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN YANG BEREDAR DI SUPERMARKET MENGGUNAKAN METODE HPLC
items: PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH TEKSTIL SABLON DENGAN KOAGULAN LIDAH BUAYA DAN FERRI KLORIDA (FeCl3)
items: FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIQUID HAND SOAP CONTAINING Physalis angulata L. LEAF RESIDUAL FRACTION AS AN ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT AGAINST Escherichia coli
items: SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT BIOCHAR/ZnO/Fe3O4 DARI LIMBAH BAGLOG
items: PENGARUH SUHU KALSINASI TERHADAP BANDGAP SEMIKONDUKTOR TiO2 SEBAGAI FOTOANODA PADA KACA SUBSTRAT CuSnO3 UNTUK APLIKASI DSSC
items: SINTESIS NANOPARTIKEL PERAK EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN SANGITAN (Sambucus javanica R.) SEBAGAI PENGENDALI JAMUR Curvularia verruculosa PADA TANAMAN PADI (Oryza sativa)
items: KOMPOSIT BIOCHAR MAGNETIK BERBASIS BAMBU SEBAGAI ADSORBEN CONGO RED

AKTIVITAS ANTIJAMUR EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN, BUAH, AKAR, DAN KULIT BATANG BISBUL (Diospyros blancoi A.DC) TERHADAP Candida albicans
type: item
description: Infections caused by Candida albicans remain a serious health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates, despite the availability of various therapeutic treatments. The management of these infections is often challenged by drug resistance, adverse side effects, and relatively high treatment costs, highlighting the need for safer and more effective antifungal alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of methanolic extracts from leaves, fruits, roots, and stem bark of bisbul (Diospyros blancoi A.DC) against Candida albicans. The extracts were obtained using the maceration method with methanol as the solvent and were tested using the disc diffusion method at a concentration of 2.5%. The results showed that the methanolic extract of bisbul stem bark exhibited the highest antifungal activity with an average inhibition zone of 22.1 mm, followed by root extract (21.6 mm), fruit extract (20.3 mm), and leaf extract (19.8 mm). Based on inhibition zone classification, the stem bark, root, and fruit extracts were categorized as having very strong antifungal activity, while the leaf extract was classified as strong. These findings indicate that various parts of the bisbul plant have potential as natural antifungal agents, particularly in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans. Abstrak Infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Candida albicans merupakan masalah kesehatan serius dengan tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi, meskipun telah tersedia berbagai pengobatan. Pengobatan infeksi ini sering menghadapi kendala berupa resistensi, efek samping, dan biaya yang relatif tinggi, sehingga diperlukan alternatif antijamur yang lebih aman dan efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antijamur dari ekstrak metanol daun, buah, akar, dan kulit batang tanaman bisbul (Diospyros blancoi A.DC) terhadap Candida albicans. Ekstrak diperoleh melalui metode maserasi dengan pelarut metanol dan diuji menggunakan metode difusi cakram pada konsentrasi …
creator: R.A. Fitriani
creator: J.T. Rosadi
creator: K. Rosyidah
creator: M. Idris
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 R.A. Fitriani, J.T. Rosadi, K. Rosyidah, M. Idris
date: 2026-07-31
publication date: 2026-07-31
starting page: 159
ending page: 163
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i02.p01

EKSTRAK DAUN SUJI (Dracaena angustifolia) SEBAGAI INHIBITOR KOROSI PADA BAJA ST 37 DALAM MEDIA HCl 3,5% DAN NaCl 3,5%
type: item
description: Corrosion is the deterioration of a metal due to electrochemical reactions with its environment. One method to reduce corrosion in metal is to use inhibitors. This study aims to determine the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency of St-37 steel in 3.5% HCl and 3.5% NaCl media, with the addition of an ethyl acetate extract of suji leaves (Dracaena angustifolia). Extraction was performed by maceration, and the corrosion rate was determined by weight loss. Based on the results of the weight loss test, the ethyl acetate extract of suji leaves affected the corrosion rate, with the lowest corrosion rate at an optimum concentration of 0.15% and a soaking time of 12 days in 3.5% HCl and 3.5% NaCl media, respectively, 0.0742 and 0.0249 mmpy, with inhibition efficiency results of 93.37 and 65.91%. The SEM-EDX results also showed that the surface of St 37 steel without the addition of suji leaf ethyl acetate extract inhibitor exhibited more even degradation and pitting across the entire surface. In contrast, the surface of St 37 steel treated with 0.15% suji leaf ethyl acetate extract inhibitor was smoother and showed fewer pitting locations. In addition, there was an increase in Fe content and a decrease in O content in steel with 0.15% inhibitor, thus proving that the ethyl acetate extract can form a protective layer to prevent corrosion on the surface of St 37 steel. Abstrak Korosi merupakan kerusakan pada logam karena terjadi reaksi elektrokimia dengan lingkungannya. Salah satu metode untuk mengurangi laju korosi yang terjadi pada logam adalah dengan cara menggunakan inhibitor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui laju korosi dan efisiensi inhibisi baja St-37 dalam media korosif HCl 3,5% dan NaCl 3,5% dengan penambahan ekstrak etil asetat daun suji (Dracaena angustifolia). Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi dan laju korosi dihitung menggunakan metode kehilangan berat. Berdasarkan pada hasil uji kehilangan berat menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etil asetat daun suj…
creator: N.M.A.P. Budiartha
creator: I.A.R.A. Asih
creator: P. Suarya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 N.M.A.P. Budiartha, I.A.R.A. Asih, P. Suarya
date: 2026-07-31
publication date: 2026-07-31
starting page: 164
ending page: 172
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i02.p02

ISOLASI, IDENTIFIKASI MOLEKULER, DAN POTENSI BIOAKTIVITAS JAMUR YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN SPONS LAUT Stylissa massa, Nigrospora sphaerica SP2-2-4
type: item
description: Sponge-derived marine fungi are well recognized as promising producers of bioactive compounds with a broad range of biological activities. In the present study, we isolated and identified a fungal strain from marine sponge Stylissa massa collected from Amed beach, Bali, Indonesia, along with the evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and toxicity of the methanolic extract. Following the isolation procedure a fungal strain SP2-2-4 from S. massa, the molecular biology protocol by amplification of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region was used to identify the strain. The strain was then fermented on rice medium with and without the addition of sea salt. Extraction was done by adding ethyl acetate to the fermentation flask to obtain crude extract. The extracts were partitioned between aqueous methanol and n-hexane to obtain a methanolic extract for phytochemical analysis and bioassay. Antimicrobial activity was tested against several pathogens using the disc diffusion method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH assay, and the toxicity of the extract was evaluated by the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Molecular identification of the ITS region showed that the fungal isolate SP2-2-4 was the most closely related to Nigrospora sphaerica with a similarity of 99.41%. Phytochemical analysis showed triterpenoid was only detected in the extract from the fungal fermentation on rice without salt addition. Meanwhile, polyphenols were detected only in the extract from salt-containing rice fermentation. Alkaloids were detected in extracts afforded from both fermentation conditions. Only the extract obtained from the salt-free rice fermentation showed weak antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 with an inhibition zone of 2.57±0.24 mm. This extract also exhibited moderate antioxidant activity (IC50=224.42±12.14 µg/mL) and moderate toxicity (LC50=103.31±21.71 µg/mL). In contrast, the extract from the salt-enriched rice fermentation show…
creator: N.K.D.E. Witantri
creator: I M.A.K. Adi
creator: N.P.E. Leliqia
creator: N.P. Ariantari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 N.K.D.E. Witantri, I M.A.K. Adi, N.P.E. Leliqia, N.P. Ariantari
date: 2026-07-31
publication date: 2026-07-31
starting page: 173
ending page: 183
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i02.p03

PENGARUH PRETREATMENT TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA GAHARU NON-RESINOUS DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI NATURAL FRAGRANCE
type: item
description: Non-resinous agarwood represents a promising raw material for natural perfume production when processed using appropriate pretreatment and extraction techniques. This study investigated the effects of different pretreatment methods (fermentation, microwave, and ultrasonic) and extraction methods (hydrodistillation and maceration) on the physicochemical properties, stability, and aroma characteristics of non-resinous agarwood extracts. The results demonstrated that fermentation and ultrasonic pretreatments produced darker extracts with stronger woody aromas, whereas microwave pretreatment generated lighter-colored extracts with milder aroma profiles. Ultrasonic pretreatment increased extraction yield by approximately 70%, while extending hydrodistillation time to 18 h increased hydrosol yield to 80%. Volatile compound analysis identified key agarwood constituents, including agarospirol, eudesmol, and epi-γ-eudesmol. Sensory, hedonic, and aroma stability evaluations indicated that ethanol maceration combined with 300 W microwave pretreatment, followed by 12–18 h hydrodistillation, provided the most suitable processing strategy for producing stable non-resinous agarwood extracts. These findings demonstrate the potential of non-resinous agarwood as a sustainable source of fragrance ingredients for natural perfume formulations. Abstrak Gaharu non-resinous memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku parfum alami jika diproses dengan teknik yang tepat. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh berbagai metode pretreatment (fermentasi, microwave, dan ultrasonik) serta metode ekstraksi (hidrodistilasi dan maserasi) terhadap sifat fisikokimia, stabilitas, dan karakteristik aroma dari gaharu non-resinous. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pretreatment fermentasi dan ultrasonik menghasilkan ekstrak dengan warna yang lebih pekat dan aroma kayu (woody) yang lebih kuat, sedangkan pretreatment microwave menghasilkan ekstrak dengan warna yang lebih terang dan profil aroma yan…
creator: N.L. Mahpud
creator: R. Dwiarso
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 N.L. Mahpud, R. Dwiarso
date: 2026-07-31
publication date: 2026-07-31
starting page: 184
ending page: 193
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i02.p04

SINTESIS BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK JELANTAH SECARA HIDROLISIS-ESTERIFIKASI PADA BERBAGAI VARIASI METANOL DAN KATALIS
type: item
description: Used cooking oil is a waste product from cooking oil that can become a waste and environmental problem because carelessly disposed of used cooking oil can damage the ecosystem. Used cooking oil can be used as biodiesel because it still contains free fatty acids that can be converted into biodiesel. This study aims to convert used cooking oil into biodiesel by a hydrolysis-esterification reaction. The hydrolysis process aims to convert triglycerides into free fatty acids using HCl. The hydrolyzed used cooking oil is esterified to convert free fatty acids into methyl esters. Esterification is carried out with methanol and a kaolin catalyst. The research variables used are variations in the molar ratio of methanol:oil (1.5:1; 2:1; 5:1; 8:1; and 10:1) and variations in catalyst concentration (3, 5, 7, 9, and 12%). The results showed that the highest biodiesel yield obtained was 80.67% at a molar ratio of 10:1 and 7% catalyst. The characteristics of the biodiesel produced have an acid number of 0.056 mgKOH/g biodiesel, a saponification number of 203.419 mgKOH/g biodiesel, a total glycerol of 2.39%, an ester content of 78.51%, a density of 868 kg/m3, a viscosity of 3.085 cSt, a water content of 0.04%, and a flash point of 170 oC. The results of the GC-MS analysis of biodiesel detected the presence of ethyl ester at the peak of the chromatogram number 5 with a retention time of 18.348 and a % area of ​​17.13. The biodiesel parameters tested in this study have met the Indonesian national standard 7182:2015. Abstrak Minyak jelantah merupakan limbah dari minyak goreng bekas pakai yang dapat menjadi permasalahan limbah dan lingkungan karena minyak jelantah yang dibuang sembarangan dapat merusak ekosistem. Minyak jelantah dapat digunakan sebagai biodiesel karena masih mengandung asam lemak bebas yang dapat diubah menjadi biodiesel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengubah minyak jelantah menjadi biodiesel dengan reaksi hidrolisis-esterifikasi. Proses hidrolisis bertujuan untuk m…
creator: W. Pratiwi
creator: N.M. Suaniti
creator: I W. Suirta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 W. Pratiwi, N.M. Suaniti, I W. Suirta
date: 2026-07-31
publication date: 2026-07-31
starting page: 194
ending page: 201
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i02.p05

PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIALS, ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS, AND DEVELOPMENT OF TERRESTRIAL AND MARINE-DERIVED NATURAL PRODUCTS-BASED TOPICAL SUNSCREENS
type: item
description: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause sunburn, premature skin aging, and increase skin cancer risk. Sunscreens help protect the skin, but some synthetic UV filters are associated with both health and environmental concerns. Some literature has reported medical problems associated with the use of synthetic sunscreen agents, such as skin irritation, hormonal disruption, photosensitivity, and specific inhalation concerns for spray/powder sunscreens. Other literature has also reported relevant ecological issues, both to the marine ecosystem, such as coral reef bleaching and disturbance to the microbiome of aquatic life, and to the terrestrial ecosystem, such as soil toxicity and disrupted plant growth. These issues prompt a focused review of recent works on nature-based topical sunscreens as a viable alternative. This narrative review summarizes recent studies on terrestrial and marine natural products as ingredients for topical sunscreens. Articles were retrieved from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and PubMed for publications from 2016 to January 2026. The reviewed literature discusses sunscreen classification, natural ingredients with photoprotective and skin-nourishing effects, as well as human-health and ecological considerations. Overall, many natural ingredients show potential as sunscreen additives and may provide antioxidant and skin-nourishing benefits. However, their photoprotective capacity and stability can vary with formulation and concentration, and long-term data associated with the safety, efficacy, and economic viability of natural ingredients as active sunscreen agents are still limited. Further studies on formulation, preservation, safety testing, and environmental impacts are needed to support the development of effective and eco-friendly nature-based sunscreens. Abstrak Radiasi ultraviolet (UV) dapat menyebabkan kulit terbakar, penuaan dini, dan meningkatkan risiko kanker kulit. Tabir surya membantu melindungi kulit, tetapi beberapa fil…
creator: P.S. Wijaya
creator: A.N. Mahendra
creator: I W. Sumardika
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 P.S. Wijaya, A.N. Mahendra, I W. Sumardika
date: 2026-07-31
publication date: 2026-07-31
starting page: 202
ending page: 216
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i02.p06

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI EKSTRAK N-HEKSAN KAYU SECANG (Caesalpinia sappan L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Salmonella enterica SECARA IN VITRO DAN IN SILICO
type: item
description: This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of n-hexane extracts from secang wood powder (Caesalpinia sappan L.) against Salmonella enterica ATCC 14028 in vitro and in silico. The extraction process used maceration with n-hexane as the solvent. In vitro antibacterial activity was tested using the paper-disc diffusion method and the microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The compounds present in the n-hexane extract were analyzed using GC-MS. In silico antibacterial activity was assessed using molecular docking with PyRx Autodock Vina software on the DNA gyrase B receptor (PDB ID: 6J90). The research findings indicate that the n-hexane extract exhibits antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone diameter of 10.3 mm, an MIC value of 156.25 µg/mL, and an MBC value of 312.5 µg/mL. The results of the GC-MS analysis of the samples showed 13 detectable peaks representing 10 major compounds. Based on the analysis of the 10 major chemical components, one compound was found to have the most significant percentage of peak area and was the only compound that met Lipinski’s Rules of Five: Phenol, 5-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-2-methyl-, (R)-. The results of the in silico analysis show that the compound Phenol, 5-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-2-methyl-, (R)- exhibits a binding affinity of -7.4 kcal/mol. Physicochemical predictions indicate that Phenol, 5-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-2-methyl-, (R)- possesses favorable physicochemical characteristics. The active compound Phenol, 5-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-2-methyl-, (R)- has the potential to inhibit the function of the DNA gyrase B protein ID 6J90. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak n-heksan dari serbuk kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) terhadap bakteri Salmonella enterica ATCC 14028 secara in vitro dan in silico. Proses ekstraksi menggunakan cara maserasi dengan pelarut n-heksana. Aktivitas antibak…
creator: L. Rosita
creator: D. Roza
creator: Y.M.R. Sinaga
creator: E. Eddyanto
creator: M. Simorangkir
creator: T. Juwitaningsih
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 L. Rosita, D. Roza, Y.M.R. Sinaga, E. Eddyanto, M. Simorangkir, T. Juwitaningsih
date: 2026-07-31
publication date: 2026-07-31
starting page: 217
ending page: 225
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i02.p07

SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI SENYAWA DIBUTILTIMAH(IV) 2-ETIL-6-METIL ANILIN DITIOKARBAMAT SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI Salmonella typhi DAN Staphylococcus aureus
type: item
description: Infectious diseases can be defined as health problems caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Some bacteria can be carried in food or drink and then attack the body by infecting the digestive tract. This study was conducted with the aim of synthesizing and testing the antibacterial activity of organotin (IV) dithiocarbamate complex compounds against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus using the Kirby-Bauer method. The complex compound of dibutyl tin (IV) 2-ethyl-6-methyl aniline dithiocarbamate was synthesized from the mixing process of 2-ethyl-6-methyl aniline 0.02 M + carbon disulfide (0.02 M) + metal dibutyl tin dichloride (0.01 M), which was then identified using FT-IR and FT-NMR spectrophotometer instruments. The results of FT-IR spectrophotometer measurements obtained functional groups (Sn-C), (Sn-S), (C-C), (C-N), (C-S), (C=C), and (C=N). The 13C-NMR spectrophotometer test results obtained the structure of aliphatic and aromatic compounds, while the 1H-NMR test results obtained the structure of aliphatic, - CH2, CS, and aniline compounds. Antibacterial test results showed strong activity against Salmonella typhi with a concentration of 90 ppm and activities with a moderate category at concentrations of 50 ppm and 70 ppm, and the moderate category on Staphylococcus aureus at concentrations of 50 ppm, 70 ppm, and 90 ppm. ABSTRAK Penyakit infeksi dapat didefinisikan sebagai gangguan kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme seperti bakteri, virus, jamur, ataupun parasit. Beberapa bakteri dapat terbawa dalam makanan atau minuman dan kemudian akan menyerang tubuh dengan cara menginfeksi saluran pencernaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mensintesis serta menguji aktivitas antibakteri senyawa kompleks organotimah (IV) ditiokarbamat terhadap Salmonella typhi dan Staphylococcus aureus dengan metode Kirby-Bauer. Senyawa kompleks dibutil timah (IV) 2-etil-6-metil anilin ditiokarbamat disintesis melalui proses pe…
creator: A. Putri
creator: M. Sanuddin
creator: A. Hadriyati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 A. Putri, M. Sanuddin, A. Hadriyati
date: 2026-07-31
publication date: 2026-07-31
starting page: 226
ending page: 234
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i02.p08

PENGEMBANGAN METODE DAN PENETAPAN KADAR ZAT PEWARNA YELLOW FCF, ALLURA, METHANIL YELLOW DAN TARTRAZINE SECARA SIMULTAN PADA MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN YANG BEREDAR DI SUPERMARKET MENGGUNAKAN METODE HPLC
type: item
description: Food colorants are additives used to enhance the appearance and provide color to food. This study aims to develop a method for the simultaneous determination of the concentrations of Yellow FCF, Red Allura, Methanil Yellow, and Tartrazine. The method employed is High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with a reverse phase using a C18 column and UV detector. The mobile phase consists of phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (1:1) with a pH of 8.8. Optimization parameters include wavelength, mobile phase pH, mobile phase composition, and flow rate. The results indicated that the simultaneous determination of colorants using HPLC achieved optimal results at a wavelength of 468 nm, a flow rate of 0.71 mL/min, and linearity validation results ranging from 0.9997 to 0.9998, with accuracy between 92% and 130.5%, and RSD values of 0.84% to 1.55%. This study also found several compounds exceeding the maximum allowable limits, particularly Tartrazine in powdered beverage samples, mango candy, and yellow tofu. This research concludes that the developed HPLC method is effective for the simultaneous analysis of food colorants. ABSTRAK Pewarna makanan adalah bahan tambahan pangan yang ditambahkan untuk meningkatkan penampilan dan memberikan warna pada makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode penetapan kadar zat pewarna Yellow FCF, Red Allura, Methanil Yellow, dan Tartrazin secara simultan. Metode yang digunakan adalah High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) dengan fase terbalik menggunakan kolom C18 dan detektor UV. Fase gerak yang digunakan adalah buffer fosfat dan asetonitril (1:1) dengan pH 8,8. Parameter optimasi meliputi panjang gelombang, pH fase gerak, komposisi fase gerak, dan laju alir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penetapan kadar pewarna secara simultan dengan HPLC memperoleh hasil optimum pada panjang gelombang 468 nm, laju alir 0,71 mL/menit, dan validasi linearitas yang diperoleh adalah 0,9997-0,9998, akurasi 92%-130,5%, serta RSD 0,…
creator: K.N. YASMIN
creator: I. Iswandi
creator: D. Marlina
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 K.N. YASMIN, I. Iswandi, D. Marlina
date: 2026-07-31
publication date: 2026-07-31
starting page: 235
ending page: 246
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i02.p09

PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH TEKSTIL SABLON DENGAN KOAGULAN LIDAH BUAYA DAN FERRI KLORIDA (FeCl3)
type: item
description: The screen-printing textile industry produces liquid waste containing hazardous chemicals such as synthetic dyes, detergents, and heavy metals that can pollute the environment. One effective method of wastewater treatment is the coagulation-flocculation process using the chemical coagulant ferric chloride (FeCl₃) and the natural coagulant aloe vera. This study aims to determine which coagulant—FeCl₃ or aloe vera (Aloe vera)—is most effective in the coagulation-flocculation process. The treatments applied in this study involved using FeCl₃ and aloe vera coagulant concentrations of 20, 40, and 60 mg/L, respectively. The results showed that FeCl₃ was more effective than aloe vera in reducing all parameters. The optimal concentrations of FeCl₃ for COD, BOD, TSS, Cr, and pH, respectively, were 60, 20, 60, 40, and 40 mg/L, yielding results of 4148.3; 6.7536; 0.0627; 86.2533 mg/L; and 6.26. Meanwhile, the optimal concentrations of aloe vera for the parameters COD, BOD, TSS, Cr, and pH, respectively, were 20, 40, 60, 60, and 20 mg/L, yielding results of 2,230.0; 33.1966; 0.1880; 92.15 mg/L; and 6.08. The use of natural coagulants can be a more environmentally friendly alternative, minimizing the negative environmental impacts associated with the use of chemical coagulants. It is recommended that future research examine combinations of natural and chemical coagulants to optimize wastewater treatment. ABSTRAK Industri tekstil sablon menghasilkan limbah cair yang mengandung bahan kimia berbahaya seperti pewarna sintetis, deterjen dan logam berat yang dapat mencemari lingkungan. Salah satu metode pengolahan limbah yang efektif adalah proses koagulasi – flokulasi menggunakan bahan koagulan kimiawi feri klorida (FeCl3) dan koagulan alami lidah buaya (Aloe vera). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui koagulan FeCl3 dan lidah buaya yang paling efektif dalam proses koagulasi-flokulasi. Perlakuan yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan konsentrasi koagulan FeCl3 d…
creator: K.K. Makin
creator: N.G.A.M.D.A. Suastuti
creator: K.G.D. Putra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 K.K. Makin, N.G.A.M.D.A. Suastuti, K.G.D. Putra
date: 2026-07-31
publication date: 2026-07-31
starting page: 247
ending page: 253
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i02.p10

FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIQUID HAND SOAP CONTAINING Physalis angulata L. LEAF RESIDUAL FRACTION AS AN ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT AGAINST Escherichia coli
type: item
description: Physalis angulata L., commonly known as Ciplukan, is an Indonesian medicinal plant rich in antibacterial bioactive compounds. This study formulated a liquid hand soap enriched with the active fraction of Ciplukan leaf extract and evaluated its physicochemical characteristics and antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli. The leaves underwent maceration and subsequent fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. A 1000 ppm residual fraction exhibited the highest antibacterial activity (2.75 mm), and phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. Furthermore, FTIR analysis results supported the presence of these compounds. The active fraction was incorporated into a liquid soap formulation, resulting in a product with a pale-yellow color and lemon fragrance. Physicochemical evaluation confirmed that the soap met quality standards, featuring a pH of 6.84, foam stability of 85.53%, viscosity of 14.95 cP, and free fatty acid content of 0.85%. Furthermore, antibacterial testing showed that the formulated soap yielded an inhibition zone of 21.27 mm, which was not significantly different from the negative control. These results indicate that the soap’s strong antibacterial activity is primarily driven by its base, suggesting the Ciplukan fraction serves as a natural bioactive enrichment.
creator: B.N. Zahira
creator: D.R. Ningsih
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 B.N. Zahira, D.R. Ningsih
date: 2026-07-31
publication date: 2026-07-31
starting page: 254
ending page: 262
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i02.p11

SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT BIOCHAR/ZnO/Fe3O4 DARI LIMBAH BAGLOG
type: item
description: Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) from oyster mushroom cultivation is a lignocellulosic biomass with high potential for conversion into biochar. This study aims to synthesize and characterize biochar/ZnO/Fe3O- composite (ZMB) from spent mushroom substrate modified via ZnCl2 and FeCl3 impregnation followed by pyrolysis at 600°C. This modification was intended to enhance the specific surface area and impart magnetic properties to the adsorbent for easier post-adsorption separation. Material characterization was conducted using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and SAA-BET. FTIR analysis indicated the formation of Fe-O and Zn-O bonds within the composite structure. XRD patterns confirmed the presence of ZnO and Fe3O4 crystal phases in the biochar matrix. SEM analysis revealed a rougher and more heterogeneous surface morphology, while EDX detected the presence of Fe and Zn elements. BET analysis showed that the ZMB composite possessed a specific surface area of 362.809 m²/g with a total pore volume of 0.2554 cm³/g, which is superior to unmodified biochar. Furthermore, the resulting composite exhibited magnetic properties, allowing for separation from solution using an external magnet. ABSTRAK Limbah baglog jamur tiram merupakan biomassa lignoselulosa yang potensial untuk dikonversi menjadi biochar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis dan mengkarakterisasi komposit biochar/ZnO/Fe3O4 (ZMB) dari limbah baglog yang dimodifikasi melalui impregnasi ZnCl2 dan FeCl3 serta pirolisis pada suhu 600°C. Modifikasi ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan luas permukaan spesifik dan memberikan sifat magnetik pada adsorben untuk memudahkan pemisahan pasca-adsorpsi. Karakterisasi material dilakukan menggunakan FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, dan SAA-BET. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan terbentuknya ikatan Fe-O dan Zn-O pada struktur komposit. Pola difraksi XRD mengonfirmasi keberadaan fasa kristal ZnO dan Fe3O4 pada matriks biochar. Analisis SEM memperlihatkan morfologi permukaan yang lebih kasar dan heterogen, sem…
creator: R.M. Husni
creator: M. Manurung
creator: I.A.G. Widihati
creator: S.P. Wijayanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 R.M. Husni, M. Manurung, I.A.G. Widihati, S.P. Wijayanti
date: 2026-07-31
publication date: 2026-07-31
starting page: 263
ending page: 268
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i02.p12

PENGARUH SUHU KALSINASI TERHADAP BANDGAP SEMIKONDUKTOR TiO2 SEBAGAI FOTOANODA PADA KACA SUBSTRAT CuSnO3 UNTUK APLIKASI DSSC
type: item
description: The increasing demand for renewable energy has encouraged the development of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) as an environmentally friendly and low-cost alternative solar cell technology. This study aimed to investigate the effect of calcination temperature variations on the bandgap value of TiO₂ as a photoanode on CuSnO₃ substrates and to evaluate the characteristics of CuSnO₃ as an alternative conductive substrate material to replace FTO and ITO glass in DSSC applications. CuSnO₃ substrates were synthesized using the sol-gel method with SnCl₂·2H₂O and Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O precursors dissolved in methanol and stabilized using diethanolamine (DEA). The CuSnO₃ thin films were deposited on glass substrates using the spin coating method and calcined at 550 °C for 2 hours. TiO₂ paste was prepared by mixing TiO₂ powder with ethanol and coated onto the CuSnO₃ substrate using the doctor blade technique. TiO₂ calcination temperatures were varied at 400, 450, 500, and 550 °C for 30 minutes. Characterization was carried out using UV-DRS to determine the bandgap through the Tauc Plot method, SEM-EDS to analyze surface morphology and elemental composition, and Four Point Probe (FPP) to evaluate electrical conductivity. The results showed that the CuSnO₃ thin film had a bandgap value of 2.12 eV and an obstacle 458,89 Ω. The surface morphology indicated irregular and agglomerated particles. The TiO₂ bandgap values were 3.16, 3.03, 3.103, and 3.095 eV at calcination temperatures of 400, 450, 500, and 550 °C, respectively. The minimum bandgap value was measured at a temperature of 450 °C with a value of 3.03 eV, indicating enhanced visible light absorption and the potential to improve DSSC efficiency. ABSTRAK Kebutuhan terhadap sumber energi terbarukan mendorong pengembangan teknologi Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) sebagai alternatif sel surya yang ramah lingkungan dan berbiaya rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi suhu kalsinasi terhadap nilai bandgap Ti…
creator: A. Fitriani
creator: H. Sanjaya
creator: B. Oktavia
creator: A.J. Kusnanda
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 A. Fitriani, H. Sanjaya, B. Oktavia, A.J. Kusnanda
date: 2026-07-31
publication date: 2026-07-31
starting page: 269
ending page: 276
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i02.p13

SINTESIS NANOPARTIKEL PERAK EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN SANGITAN (Sambucus javanica R.) SEBAGAI PENGENDALI JAMUR Curvularia verruculosa PADA TANAMAN PADI (Oryza sativa)
type: item
description: Curvularia verruculosa is a pathogenic fungus of rice plants that causes brown spot disease and substantial yield reduction. Conventional control methods relying on synthetic fungicides pose risks of pathogen resistance and environmental degradation. Alternatively, the leaves of Sambucus javanica R., which are rich in secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, exhibit potent antifungal properties that are more environmentally friendly. These bioactive compounds facilitate a green synthesis approach, serving as stabilizing and reducing agents in the formation of nanomaterials. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a methanol extract of S. javanica leaves, characterize their physicochemical properties, and evaluate their antifungal efficacy against C. verruculosa. Extraction was performed using the maceration method, and the resulting extract served as both a reducing and stabilizing agent in the synthesis of AgNPs from silver nitrate (AgNO₃). Characterization was conducted using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Particle Size Analysis (PSA), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The UV-Vis spectra exhibited an absorption peak at 413 nm, confirming the successful formation of nanoparticles. The average particle size was determined to be 512.4 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.4208 and a zeta potential of –28.51 mV. SEM-EDX analysis revealed that the AgNPs possessed smooth surfaces with minimal aggregation and identified the presence of carbon (C), oxygen (O), potassium (K), chlorine (Cl), phosphorus (P), and silver (Ag). FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, along with organic bonds such as C–O, C–H, and C–N. Antifungal assays demonstrated that the AgNPs exhibited superior activity compared to the crude extract, yielding an inhibition zone of 25.3 mm. Furthermore, the Minimum Inhibitory …
creator: I G.A.G. Bawa
creator: H.S.S. Sanjaya
creator: O. Ratnayani
creator: S.C. Yowani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 I G.A.G. Bawa, H.S.S. Sanjaya, O. Ratnayani, S.C. Yowani
date: 2026-07-31
publication date: 2026-07-31
starting page: 277
ending page: 287
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i02.p14

KOMPOSIT BIOCHAR MAGNETIK BERBASIS BAMBU SEBAGAI ADSORBEN CONGO RED
type: item
description: Water pollution caused by Congo red dye waste from the textile industry has driven the development of effective adsorbents that can be easily separated from solution. This study aims to synthesize and characterize a magnetic composite based on Tabah bamboo (Gigantochloa nigrociliata). Biochar was obtained through carbonization of bamboo at 600°C, then modified using iron (III) chloride via alkaline co-precipitation and calcination to form a magnetic composite. Characterization was carried out using FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM-EDX. The composite was used to adsorb Congo red dye from solution. The results showed that the best composite with a FeCl₃:biochar mass ratio of 3:1 yielded the following characterization results: FTIR spectroscopy showed an Fe–O absorption band at 560–635 cm⁻¹, indicating the formation of iron oxide on the biochar surface. XRD analysis showed 100% crystallinity, confirming the formation of magnetite (Fe₃O₄). SEM-EDX analysis detected an iron element content of 50.58% and showed the strongest magnetic properties. The optimum adsorption conditions were a contact time of 120 minutes, adsorbent mass of 0.025 g, pH 2, and temperature of 30°C. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 384.62 mg/g. ABSTRAK Pencemaran air akibat limbah zat warna Congo Red dari industri tekstil mendorong pengembangan adsorben yang efektif dan mudah dipisahkan dari larutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis dan mengkarakterisasi komposit magnetik berbasis bambu Tabah (Gigantochloa nigrociliata). Biochar diperoleh melalui karbonisasi bambu pada suhu 600 °C, kemudian dimodifikasi menggunakan besi (III) klorida melalui metode kopresipitasi basa dan kalsinasi membentuk komposit magnetik. Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan spektroskopi FTIR, XRD, dan SEM-EDX. Komposit digunakan untuk mengadsorpsi zat warna Congo Red dari larutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposit terbaik dengan rasio massa FeCl3:…
creator: I. Hetharia
creator: M. Manurung
creator: I W. Suarsa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 I. Hetharia, M. Manurung, I W. Suarsa
date: 2026-07-31
publication date: 2026-07-31
starting page: 288
ending page: 293
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i02.p15