Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry)
type: channel
description: Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) publishes papers on all aspects of fundamental and applied chemistry. The journal is naturally broad in scope, welcomes submissions from across a range of disciplines, and reports both theoretical and experimental studies. As well as original research, Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) also publishes focused review articles that examine the state of the art, identify emerging trends, and suggest future directions for developing fields.
publisher: Program Studi Kimia FMIPA Universitas Udayana
language: en-US
publication name: Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry)
issn: 1907-9850
items: UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK MAHKOTA NANAS (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus SERTA IDENTIFIKASI KANDUNGAN SENYAWA FLAVONOIDNYA
items: STUDI ISOTERM, KINETIKA, DAN TERMODINAMIKA ADSORPSI SURFAKTAN LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) PADA KOPOLIMER-g-POLIAKRILAMIDA
items: POTENSI SDA BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL PAPUA DALAM PEMBUATAN SABUN ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP Staphylococcus Aureus DAN Escherichia Coli
items: ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA GOLONGAN FLAVONOID YANG MEMILIKI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI PADA DAUN GAHARU (Gyrinops versteegii)
items: EKSTRAKSI METAMFETAMIN BERBANTUAN SONIKASI DARI RAMBUT UNTUK ANALISIS FORENSIK
items: BIOAKTIVITAS DAN IDENTIFIKASI MOLEKULER JAMUR ENDOFIT YANG DIISOLASI DARI SPONS DI PANTAI AMED
items: KINETICS ADSORPTION OF Fe(II) IONS USING CELLULOSE ACETATE FROM NIPAH FRONDS (Nypa Fruticans)
items: SUSTAINABLE BIOCOMPOSITES FROM RICE STRAW BONDED WITH POLYVINYL ALCOHOL‒CITRIC ACID‒BASED ADHESIVES FOR FOOD PACKAGING
items: PEMBUATAN DAN UJI KUALITAS PRODUK BRIKET ARANG DARI CAMPURAN JANUR SISA CANANG, KULIT KACANG TANAH, DAN AMPAS KOPI
items: ANALISIS KADAR GLUKOMANAN DAN KALSIUM OKSALAT PADA UMBI TANAMAN PORANG (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)
items: ANALISIS PROKSIMAT PADA TEPUNG BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.)
items: IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA BIOAKTIF ANTIMIKROBA DARI EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT RIMPANG TEMU TIS (Curcuma soloensis)
items: VALIDASI METODE KJELDAHL TANPA ASAM SALISILAT DALAM ANALISIS NITROGEN PADA PUPUK NPK PADAT BERBASIS UREA
items: PEMANFAATAN BENTONIT TERMODIFIKASI BKC SEBAGAI CARRIER UNSUR KALIUM DALAM FORMULASI PUPUK LEPAS LAMBAT
items: KARAKTERISASI ETANOL HASIL FERMENTASI BERAS MERAH DAN KETAN MERAH DENGAN ANALISIS GC-FID
items: DESAIN PRIMER DAN ANALISIS SECARA IN SILICO UNTUK AMPLIFIKASI GEN embB Mycobacterium tuberculosis
items: KARAKTERISASI KITOSAN CANGKANG KERANG METI DARI SUNGAI LA’A KECAMATAN PETASIA KABUPATEN MOROWALI UTARA
items: POTENSI EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN GAMAL (Gliricidia sepium) SEBAGAI GREEN INHIBITOR KOROSI PADA BAJA KARBON ST 37 DALAM MEDIA HCl 3,0% DAN NaCl 3,0%

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK MAHKOTA NANAS (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus SERTA IDENTIFIKASI KANDUNGAN SENYAWA FLAVONOIDNYA
type: item
description: Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium known to be the main cause of clinical infections, with antibiotic resistance rates increasing over time. This study aims to evaluate the potential antibacterial activity of pineapple crown extract (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) and to identify the flavonoid compounds involved. The extraction process was carried out through a maceration method using 96% ethanol, and then the fractions were partitioned through n-butanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane solvents. Antibacterial testing against S. aureus was carried out using a well diffusion technique, and the fraction with the highest inhibitory power was further analyzed to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value. Identification of flavonoid compounds was carried out through phytochemical tests and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) instrument analysis on the most active fraction. The ethyl acetate fraction showed strong antibacterial effectiveness through an inhibition zone reaching 20.51 mm. The MIC value was achieved at a concentration of 2%, through an inhibition diameter of 0.83 mm. LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of active flavonoid compounds, including apigenin, naringenin, luteolin, kaempferol, catechin, quercetin, tricin, luteolin 7-glucoside, hesperetin 5-glucoside, naringin, and rutin. It is well known that these substances work against bacteria by interfering with the formation of nucleic acids, disrupting membranes, and inhibiting enzymes. Keywords: Ananas comosus (L.) Merr, antibacterial, flavonoids, LC-MS, Staphylococcus aureus Abstrak Staphylococcus aureus termasuk bakteri Gram-positif patogen yang dikenal sebagai pemicu utama infeksi klinis, dengan tingkat resistensi terhadap antibiotik yang terus meningkat dari tiap waktunya. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan mengevaluasi potensi aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak mahkota nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) serta mengidentifikasi kandungan senyawa flavonoid yang be…
creator: N. L. Rustini
creator: M. O. Rahayu
creator: N. M. Puspawati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mayang Oktifa Rahayu; Ni Luh Rustini, Ni Made Puspawati
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i01.p01

STUDI ISOTERM, KINETIKA, DAN TERMODINAMIKA ADSORPSI SURFAKTAN LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) PADA KOPOLIMER-g-POLIAKRILAMIDA
type: item
description: Chitosan-g-polyacrylamide copolymer with a grafting percentage of 326.97% has been used as an adsorbent to adsorb Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) from solution. The adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics of this process were studied under optimum conditions, namely a contact time of 60 minutes, pH 5, and an initial LAS concentration of 2 mg/L. The results showed that the LAS adsorption isotherm follows the Langmuir isotherm model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.0146 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics follow the pseudo-second-order model. The enthalpy change ( ∆Ho) and entropy change (∆So) were -86.3575 kJ/mol and -0.2346 kJ/mol, respectively. Meanwhile, the Gibbs free energy change (∆Go) at temperatures of 30°C, 35°C, and 55°C were -15.2737 kJ/mol, -14.1087 kJ/mol, and -9.4087 kJ/mol, respectively. The negative values of ∆G indicate that the LAS adsorption process on the chitosan-g-polyacrylamide copolymer occurs spontaneously. Keywords: chitosan-g-polyacrylamide, isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamic Abstrak Kopolimer kitosan-g-poliakrilamida dengan persen grafting sebesar 326,97% telah digunakan sebagai adsorben untuk mengadsorpsi Linier Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) dari larutan. Studi isoterm, kinetika, dan termodinamika adsorpsi tersebut dipelajari pada kondisi optimum (waktu kontak pada 60 menit, pH 5, konsentrasi awal LAS sebesar 2 mg/L). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isoterm adsoprsi dari LAS mengikuti model isoterm Langmuir dan nilai kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum yang diperoleh sebesar 0,0146 mg/g, dengan kinetika adsorpsi mengikuti model orde psudo-kedua. Perubahan entalpi (∆Ho) dan perubahan entropi (∆So) berturut-turut bernilai -86,3575 kJ/mol dan -0,2346 kJ/mol. Sementara perubahan energi bebas Gibbs (∆Go) pada suhu 30; 35; 55 berturut-turut bernilai -15,2737; -14,1087; -9,4087 kJ/mol. Nilai negatif dari ini menunjukkan bahwa proses adsorpsi LAS pada kopolimer kitosan-g-poliakrilamida berlangsung secara spontan. Kata kunci: kitosan-g-po…
creator: N. M. C. S. Rahayuningsih
creator: I G. A. K. S. P. Dewi
creator: J. Sibarani
creator: P. Ramadhani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 N. M. C. S. Rahayuningsih, I G. A. K. S. P. Dewi, J. Sibarani, P. Ramadhani
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 9
ending page: 16
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i01.p02

POTENSI SDA BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL PAPUA DALAM PEMBUATAN SABUN ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP Staphylococcus Aureus DAN Escherichia Coli
type: item
description: West Papua is rich in natural potential, such as oceans and land. Abundant natural resources bring many benefits to the economic welfare of society. Manokwari's leading commodities, especially natural resources, are betel leaves, coconuts, and red fruit. One of these commodities can be used as antibacterial soap in the household. This research aimed to identify the potential of siri leaf extract and red fruit oil as antibacterials against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The analysis was carried out using several tests, including phytochemical tests, organoleptic tests, water content tests, pH tests, and antibacterial tests of preparations against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antibacterial test using the diffusion well method. The research results showed that siri leaf extract and red fruit oil contain secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolics, which function as active compounds in soap. Antibacterial test results showed that the average inhibition zone increased at a concentration of 75% in all formulas (F1, F2, and F3). Formula F2 containing red fruit oil showed the best results with an inhibitory zone diameter of 1.31 cm at a concentration of 75%. The quality test results of the solid soap combination of siri leaf extract and red fruit oil are in accordance with SNI 3532:2016, namely that water content is obtained in the range of 9-10%. The organoleptic test of the formula has a solid texture, colour, and distinctive aroma based on betel leaf extract and bauh oil. The pH value of soap ranges between pH 9.5 and 10. Antibacterial soap innovation based on local wisdom can have the potential to improve the family's economy. Keywords: Antibacterial, soap, secondary metabolites Abstrak Papua Barat kaya akan potensi alam seperti lautan dan tanah. Sumber daya alam yang melimpah membawa banyak manfaat untuk kesejahteraan ekonomi masyarakat. Komoditas unggulan Manokwari Khususnya sumber daya alam yaitu da…
creator: Y. P. Rombe
creator: F. E. Appa
creator: P. S. Surbakti
creator: D. Lidyawati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Y. P. Rombe, F. E. Appa, P. S. Surbakti, D. Lidyawati
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 17
ending page: 26
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i01.p03

ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA GOLONGAN FLAVONOID YANG MEMILIKI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI PADA DAUN GAHARU (Gyrinops versteegii)
type: item
description: Gyrinops versteegii is an endemic plant in Indonesia known to contain flavonoid compounds with potential as natural antibacterial agents, but scientific data on the isolation and characterization of active flavonoids from agarwood leaves remain limited. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of agarwood leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as well as to identify the flavonoid types in the most active fraction. Agarwood leaves are extracted by multi-stage maceration with solvents of n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol, and then tested for antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion method. The total flavonoid levels were determined spectrophotometrically, while the separation of the compounds was performed by column chromatography, and the characterization of the isolate was performed by UV-Vis and FTIR spectrophotometers. Ethyl acetate extract had the highest flavonoid levels (186.976 mg QE/g) and exhibited the largest inhibition zone against S. aureus (19 mm) and E. coli (13 mm). The fractionation results in five fractions (A–E), with the D fraction being the most active. UV-Vis identification showed two absorption bands at λ 315.60 nm and λ 286.00 nm, indicating a dihydroflavonol group; while the shear reaction showed the -OH group on C-3, C-6, and C-7, and the FTIR confirmed the presence of the -OH group, C=O, C-O-C, C=C aromatic, and C-O alcohol. Isolates from fraction D showed very strong antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone of 33.82 mm against S. aureus and 23.22 mm against E. coli. These results show that flavonols from agarwood leaves have the potential to be natural antibacterial candidates, so they need to be further developed through toxicity tests and the mechanism of action of their active compounds as the basis for the development of phytopharmaceutical products. Keywords: Gyrinops versteegii; flavonol; antibacterial; disc diffusion; UV-Vis; FTIR Abstrak Gyrinops versteegii merupakan …
creator: I M. O. A. Parwata
creator: I M. B. Pratama
creator: N. M. Suaniti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 I M. O. A. Parwata, I M. B. Pratama, N. M. Suaniti
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 27
ending page: 34
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i01.p04

EKSTRAKSI METAMFETAMIN BERBANTUAN SONIKASI DARI RAMBUT UNTUK ANALISIS FORENSIK
type: item
description: Methamphetamine is a highly addictive stimulant that poses significant health risks and social challenges. Accurate and reliable detection of this drug is essential for forensic investigations and clinical assessments. Hair analysis as a non-invasive technique offers a unique way to understand patterns of substance use over a long period of time. This study aimed to develop and compare the efficiency of three solvent systems in the sonication extraction method for detecting methamphetamine in hair samples. The method used was sonication-assisted extraction with three different solvent systems, namely: i) methanol:acetone:ammonia (5:1.2:0.08); ii) ethyl acetate:methanol:ammonia (8.5:1:0.5); and iii) chloroform:ethyl acetate:ammonia (7.5:2:0.5). The results showed that methanol:acetone:ammonia was most effective in dissolving and extracting methamphetamine from the complex hair matrix. The extract produced when tested with the Marquis reagent showed a distinct brownish-yellow color, indicating a significant level of methamphetamine. The advantages of this method can be attributed to several factors, namely: (i) sonication, which distorts the hair matrix, allowing the solvent to penetrate more easily and release the target analyte, and (ii) the methanol:acetone:ammonia solvent system can increase extraction efficiency. Overall, the sonication method combined with an optimal solvent system and column purification provides more reliable information regarding the presence of methamphetamine, thereby potentially supporting long-term drug exposure analysis in a forensic context. Keywords: Forensic analysis, hair analysis, extraction, methamphetamine, and sonication Abstrak Metamfetamin merupakan stimulan yang sangat adiktif, yang menimbulkan risiko kesehatan dan tantangan sosial yang besar. Mendeteksi obat ini secara akurat dan andal sangat penting untuk investigasi forensik dan penilaian klinis. Analisis rambut sebagai teknik non-invasif menawarkan cara unik untuk memahami…
creator: S. A. Sari
creator: Y. B. S. Simamora
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 S. A. Sari, Y. B. S. Simamora
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 35
ending page: 41
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i01.p05

BIOAKTIVITAS DAN IDENTIFIKASI MOLEKULER JAMUR ENDOFIT YANG DIISOLASI DARI SPONS DI PANTAI AMED
type: item
description: Endophytic fungi from marine sponges have the potential to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. This study aims to identify and evaluate the biological activity of endophytic fungi isolated from marine sponges at Amed Beach, Bali. After isolation, the isolates were molecularly identified and fermented on rice media with and without salt. Following fermentation, ethyl acetate was used to extract secondary metabolites, while methanol:water and n-hexane were used for liquid-liquid extraction. The disc diffusion method, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) were used to assess the phytochemical composition of the methanol extract as well as its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and toxic properties. In this study, two fungal isolates were obtained. Molecular identification results from the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region showed that these isolates were most closely related to Talaromyces pinophilus and Talaromyces purpureogenus. Phytochemical screening showed that all fungal extracts contained alkaloids and polyphenols. Salt-based T. pinophilus extracts inhibited Streptococcus mutans, while salt-free extracts inhibited Staphylococcus epidermidis. Salt-based T. purpureogenus extracts only inhibited S. epidermidis, salt-free extracts inhibited S. mutans and S. epidermidis. The highest antioxidant activity and toxicity were shown by T. purpureogenus extracts in salt-containing media. This study shows that endophytic fungi from marine sponges are potential sources of bioactive metabolites with antioxidant and toxic activities for natural medicine development. Keywords: antimicrobials, antioxidants, toxicity, bioactive compounds, marine fungi Abstrak Jamur endofit adalah mikroorganisme yang berpotensi menghasilkan metabolit sekunder bioaktif dan dapat ditemukan pada spons laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi aktivitas biologis jamur endofit yang diisolasi dari spons laut Pantai Amed, Bali. Setelah diis…
creator: A. A. A. V. Trysbiantari Kusuma
creator: I M. A. K. Adi
creator: K. T. N. Dewi
creator: A. A. I. P. Suari
creator: N. P. Ariantari
creator: J. K. Wibowo
creator: N. P. E. Leliqia
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 A. A. A. V. Trysbiantari Kusuma, I M. A. K. Adi, K. T. N. Dewi, A. A. I. P. Suari, N. P. Ariantari, J. K. Wibowo, N. P. E. Leliqia
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 42
ending page: 56
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i01.p06

KINETICS ADSORPTION OF Fe(II) IONS USING CELLULOSE ACETATE FROM NIPAH FRONDS (Nypa Fruticans)
type: item
description: Adsorbents are solid substances that have the ability to adsorb certain components from the fluid phase. The problem of heavy metal pollution, such as iron (Fe(II)), in water is increasing due to industrial and domestic activities, which can reduce environmental quality and endanger human health. Therefore, effective, environmentally friendly, and easily obtainable adsorbents are needed to address this problem. One potential source is nipah palm fronds (Nypa fruticans), which contain high amounts of cellulose and have not been optimally utilized. This study aims to determine the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose acetate from Nipah palm fronds and the ability of cellulose acetate to adsorb Fe(II) ions. The stages in the production of cellulose acetate include the isolation of cellulose from nipah palm fronds (Nypa Fructicans), the synthesis of cellulose acetate, the determination of the acetyl content and degree of substitution, and analysis using FTIR and AAS. The results obtained from cellulose show the presence of O–H, C–H, and C–O groups, while for cellulose acetate from nipah palm fronds, there are C=O, C–O–C, and C–O groups. The adsorption method was used to bind the adsorbate at the optimum mass and contact time. The Fe metal adsorption capacity was obtained at an optimum mass of 0.06 g, with an adsorption efficiency of 52.34%. The optimum contact time was 90 minutes with an adsorption efficiency of 43%. The adsorption kinetics followed second-order adsorption kinetics with a rate constant of 7.7 x 10–3 and a regression coefficient of R2 = 0.9998. Keywords: Nipah palm fronds, cellulose acetate, kinetic adsorption, Fe(II) ions Abstrak Adsorben adalah zat padat yang memiliki kemampuan menyerap komponen tertentu dari fase fluida. Permasalahan pencemaran logam berat seperti besi (Fe(II)) dalam air semakin meningkat akibat aktivitas industri dan domestik, yang dapat menurunkan kualitas lingkungan serta membahayakan kesehatan manusia. Oleh karena itu, diper…
creator: I. Novianty
creator: H. Hasnah
creator: A. Saleh
creator: R. Gani
creator: T. Andriani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 I. Novianty, H. Hasnah, A. Saleh, R. Gani, T. Andriani
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 57
ending page: 63
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i01.p07

SUSTAINABLE BIOCOMPOSITES FROM RICE STRAW BONDED WITH POLYVINYL ALCOHOL‒CITRIC ACID‒BASED ADHESIVES FOR FOOD PACKAGING
type: item
description: Polysaccharides like cellulose, starch, and chitosan are generally co-polymerized with synthetic polymers to achieve the needed performance for packaging applications. Paddy is a rice-producing crop whose production is strived for throughout the year. Rice straw (RS) is a waste resulting from the rice milling process. RS contains lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. Biocomposites of RS cellulose and PVOH can be an environmentally friendly packaging alternative. In this study, the process of making biocomposites from straw and PVOH used the extrusion method and baking process. This research aims to determine the properties of RS, PVOH, and citric acid (CA) to generate biocomposite sheets and determine the characteristics of the mechanical properties of biocomposites with parameters of tensile strength and bonding strength. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR), Fourier Transform Near Infra-Red (FT-NIR), digital microscope, and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) were utilized to characterize the PVOH/CA/RS. FT-IR and FT-NIR showed the presence of an ester group in PVOH/CA/RS, while TGA observed lower degradation temperatures in biocomposites, indicated by the Tonset and Tmax of 216 °C and 320 °C, respectively. Tensile strength and bonding strength of PVOH/CA/RS biocomposite showed a promising value, which is higher than the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), > 1.6 kN/m and > 100 j/m2, respectively. This study suggested that PVOH/CA/RS biocomposite can be developed as sustainable food packaging. Keywords: biocomposite; rice straw, PVOH, citric acid; packaging
creator: S. Hutagalung
creator: M. A. R. Lubis
creator: T. H. R. Puspaningtyas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 S. Hutagalung, M. A. R. Lubis, T. H. R. Puspaningtyas
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 64
ending page: 72
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i01.p08

PEMBUATAN DAN UJI KUALITAS PRODUK BRIKET ARANG DARI CAMPURAN JANUR SISA CANANG, KULIT KACANG TANAH, DAN AMPAS KOPI
type: item
description: Biomass briquettes have the potential to be an alternative energy source to increase the economic value of agricultural waste due to the abundant availability of raw materials and the simplicity of the production process. This study used waste coconut leaves from canang offerings, peanut shells, and coffee grounds as raw materials for briquette production. The aim is to utilize biomass waste and produce briquettes that meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) No. 8675-2018. Calorific value was measured using a bomb calorimeter; density followed SNI No. 8021-2020; moisture content and fixed carbon were analyzed using SNI No. 01-1506-1989; ash content and volatile matter were analyzed using SNI No. 06-3730-1995; and chlorine, potassium, and sulfur content were analyzed using an XRF spectrophotometer. The results showed a calorific value of 4,793.04 cal/g, density of 0.40 g/cm³, moisture content of 3%, ash content of 3.9996%, volatile matter at 65.2106%, and fixed carbon at 27.7898%. The chlorine, potassium, and sulfur contents were 4.737%, 48.30%, and 0.963%, respectively. The findings indicate that the briquettes met SNI No. 8675-2018 standards for calorific value, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon. However, the density and elemental content of chlorine, potassium, and sulfur did not meet the required standards. Keywords: Coffee grounds, Biomass briquettes for energy, Peanut shells, Coconut leaf waste Abstrak Briket biomassa berpotensi sebagai sumber energi alternatif untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomis limbah hasil pertanian, lantaran ketersediaan bahan bakunya yang melimpah serta pembuatannya menggunakan peralatan yang tergolong sederhana. Pada penelitian ini limbah janur sisa canang, kulit kacang tanah, dan ampas kopi digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan briket. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah biomassa serta memperoleh formulasi briket yang memenuhi SNI No. 8675-2018. Pada penelitian ini penentuan nilai kalor di…
creator: A. A. Aries
creator: I W. B. Suyasa
creator: I. B. P. Manuaba
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 A. A. Aries, I W. B. Suyasa, I. B. P. Manuaba
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 73
ending page: 79
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i01.p09

ANALISIS KADAR GLUKOMANAN DAN KALSIUM OKSALAT PADA UMBI TANAMAN PORANG (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)
type: item
description: Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is a tuberous plant from the Araceae family. The main chemical component of porang tubers is glucomannan (40-60%), a non-cellulose polysaccharide useful as a food and health ingredient. The high calcium oxalate content (around 25-45%) in porang tubers is detrimental to health as it can cause itching, kidney, and liver damage. Ethanol, acetic acid, and NaOH are suitable solvents for separating calcium oxalate from glucomannan. In this experiment, we tried varying the concentrations of ethanol, acetic acid, and NaOH during the extraction process to maximize calcium oxalate extraction and obtain high glucomannan levels. The results showed that porang flour extracted with various solvents produced glucomannan levels ranging from 33.71 to 60.45%. Extraction with 30% ethanol produced the highest glucomannan content, at 60.45%. The results obtained were still below the established standards. The results of calcium oxalate extraction with 30 and 40% ethanol significantly reduced the calcium oxalate content in porang flour by 0.28 and 0.25%, respectively (resulting in a 91.1 and 92.1% reduction in calcium oxalate content). The addition of varying concentrations of NaOH and acetic acid to ethanol also significantly reduced the calcium oxalate content (79.37–83.9%). Keywords: Amorphophallus muelleri Blume, glucomannan, calcium oxalate, porang plant Abstrak Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) merupakan tumbuhan berumbi dari familia Araceae. Kandungan kimia umbi porang terbanyak adalah glukomanan (40-60 %), merupakan polisakarida non selulosa yang bermanfaat sebagai bahan pangan dan kesehatan. Kandungan kalsium oksalat yang tinggi (sekitar 25-45%) dalam umbi porang tidak baik untuk kesehatan karena dapat menyebabkan rasa gatal, kerusakan ginjal, dan hati. Etanol, asam cuka, dan NaOH merupakan pelarut yang cocok dalam memisahkan kalsium oksalat dari glukomanan. Dalam percobaan ini dicoba dilakukan variasi konsentrasi etanol, asam cuka, da…
creator: I W. Suirta
creator: I. A. R. A. Asih
creator: D. A. A. T. Purniami
creator: D. A. B. Dwiyanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 I W. Suirta, I. A. R. A. Asih, D. A. A. T. Purniami, D. A. B. Dwiyanti
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 80
ending page: 84
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i01.p10

ANALISIS PROKSIMAT PADA TEPUNG BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.)
type: item
description: This study is intended to optimise the utilisation of papaya seeds from Mawasangka, an area with rocky soil conditions and abundant papaya trees, where the seeds have so far only been treated as waste and not utilised optimally. Therefore, to enhance the utility of papaya seeds, further processing is necessary. One method is to process the seeds into flour, which not only improves their functionality but also extends their shelf life. The study measured the nutritional content of papaya seed flour, including moisture content (6.71%), ash (10.14%), protein (4.01%), fat (10.5%), carbohydrates (68.63%), and vitamin C (0.216 mg/100 g). The organoleptic profile shows that the flour is brown in colour with a smooth texture and a distinctive aroma of papaya seeds. These results are expected to encourage the use of papaya seeds as a nutritional source while reducing waste. Keywords: papaya seeds; proximat analysis; vitamin C; organoleptic Abstrak Studi ini dimaksudkan untuk mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan biji pepaya dari Mawasangka, daerah dengan kondisi topografi batu bertanah dan tanaman pepaya yang melimpah, selama ini bijinya hanya menjadi limbah dan tidak termanfaatkan secara optimal. Dengan demikian, untuk meningkatkan kegunaan biji pepaya, perlu dilakukan pengolahan lebih lanjut. Salah satu caranya adalah dengan mengolah biji pepaya menjadi tepung, yang tidak hanya dapat meningkatkan daya guna tetapi juga dapat memperpanjang daya simpan. Penelitian ini mengukur kandungan nutrisi tepung biji pepaya, yaitu kadar air (6,71%), abu (10,14%), protein (4,01%), lemak (10,5%), karbohidrat (68,63%), dan vitamin C (0,216 mg/100 g). Adapun profil organoleptiknya menunjukkan tepung berwarna coklat dengan tekstur yang halus dan aroma khas biji pepaya. Hasil ini diharapkan dapat mendorong pemanfaatan biji pepaya sebagai sumber nutrisi sekaligus mengurangi limbah. Kata kunci: biji pepaya; analisis proksimat; vitamin C; organoleptik
creator: M. Ferbri
creator: A. Haetami
creator: H. Haeruddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 M. Ferbri, A. Haetami, H. Haeruddin
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 85
ending page: 92
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i01.p11

IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA BIOAKTIF ANTIMIKROBA DARI EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT RIMPANG TEMU TIS (Curcuma soloensis)
type: item
description: Curcuma soloensis, commonly known as “temu tis”, is one of Indonesia’s medicinal plants containing diverse chemical compounds with potential therapeutic properties. Studies on the antimicrobial compounds of ethyl acetate extract of C. soloensis rhizomes remain limited. This study aims to identify antimicrobial compounds from the ethyl acetate extract of C. soloensis rhizomes. The research workflow involved successive extraction of rhizome powder using ethyl acetate, followed by fractionation through vacuum liquid chromatography, and subsequent separation of bioactive fractions using radial chromatography. The antimicrobial activity of the crude extract and its chromatographic fractions was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Malassezia furfur using the microdilution assay to determine their inhibitory activity. The bioactive compounds were identified using LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). The separation of bioactive compounds from the ethyl acetate fraction yielded a yellow-orange solid identified as a phenolic compound of the diketo- and keto-enol-curcumin types. Antimicrobial assays of isolated compounds showed that curcumin exhibited the best activity against C. albicans and M. furfur, with a MIC value of 62.50 μg/mL. Keywords: Curcuma soloensis, antimicrobial, LC-MS Abstrak Temu tis (Curcuma soloensis) termasuk salah satu tanaman obat Indonesia yang memiliki kandungan senyawa kimia yang beragam dan berpotensi sebagai agen terapeutik. Kajian mengenai potensi senyawa bioaktif antimikroba dari ekstrak etil asetat rimpang temu tis belum banyak dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi senyawa yang bersifat antimikroba dari ekstrak etil asetat rimpang temu tis. Tahapan penelitian meliputi ekstraksi serbuk rimpang temu tis dengan etil asetat, selanjutnya difraksinasi meggunakan kromatografi cair vakum, dan pemisahan fraksi aktif dengan kromatografi radial. Uji aktivitas antimikroba ekstra…
creator: H. Diastuti
creator: A. Asnani
creator: . Purwati
creator: R. S. W. Prameswari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 H. Diastuti, A. Asnani, . Purwati, R. S. W. Prameswari
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 93
ending page: 99
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i01.p12

VALIDASI METODE KJELDAHL TANPA ASAM SALISILAT DALAM ANALISIS NITROGEN PADA PUPUK NPK PADAT BERBASIS UREA
type: item
description: NPK fertilizer, comprising Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium, is crucial for enhancing soil fertility and plant growth, particularly in the synthesis of proteins, amino acids, and chlorophyll. Precise and accurate testing methodologies are essential to ensure optimal Nitrogen content. This study modified the SNI 2803:2012 method for Nitrogen content determination by omitting the addition of Salicylic Acid, employing the IK-LAB-0401 method developed by the Pupuk Kujang Laboratory. Validation of the IK-LAB-0401 method was conducted by comparing it with the SNI 2803:2012 method through the determination of precision, accuracy, t-test, F-test, and uncertainty estimation. The results demonstrated that the precision of the SNI 2803:2012 and IK-LAB-0401 methods was 0.97 and 0.89, respectively, both lower than 2/3 of the Horwitz CV (1.78). The accuracy of the two methods was 98.96% and 98.02%. The t-test and F-test revealed no significant difference between the two methods. The uncertainty estimations for the two methods were ±0.31 and ±0.28. Based on the validation results, the IK-LAB-0401 method was validated and deemed suitable for determining the Nitrogen content in urea-based NPK fertilizer. Keywords: NPK Fertilizer, Nitrogen, Salicylic Acid, Kjeldahl, Validation Abstrak Pupuk NPK, yang mengandung Nitrogen, Fosfor, dan Kalium, sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah dan pertumbuhan tanaman, terutama dalam pembentukan protein, asam amino, dan klorofil. Untuk memastikan kandungan Nitrogen yang optimal, diperlukan metode pengujian yang presisi dan akurat. Penelitian ini memodifikasi metode SNI 2803:2012 untuk penentuan kadar Nitrogen dengan menghilangkan penambahan Asam Salisilat, menggunakan metode IK-LAB-0401 yang dikembangkan oleh Laboratorium Pupuk Kujang. Validasi metode IK-LAB-0401 dilakukan dengan membandingkannya dengan metode SNI 2803:2012 melalui penentuan presisi, akurasi, uji T, uji F, dan estimasi ketidakpastian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa…
creator: N. Haerudin
creator: H. Sujono
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 N. Haerudin, H. Sujono
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 100
ending page: 107
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i01.p13

PEMANFAATAN BENTONIT TERMODIFIKASI BKC SEBAGAI CARRIER UNSUR KALIUM DALAM FORMULASI PUPUK LEPAS LAMBAT
type: item
description: The inefficient release of potassium fertilizer is caused by potassium, which is easily soluble in water and can be quickly leached from the root zone, especially in sandy soil. Coating potassium fertilizer with clay is done to produce fertilizer products with slower release properties, thereby increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of potassium fertilizer use and reducing environmental pollution. This study aims to study the process of coating potassium fertilizer with modified clay as a slow-release fertilizer. Clay modification is carried out by activating the clay with 1.5 M sulfuric acid and intercalating with Benzalkonium Chloride (BKC). The synthesis of slow-release fertilizer (SRF) uses a mixing method by eluting potassium compounds into 20 g of bentonite by varying the mass of potassium by 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g. The results of the study showed that the modified bentonite had better characteristics than natural bentonite, namely, the surface area increased from 25.55 m2/g to 48.70 m2/g, and basal spacing increased from 12.56 Å to 14.30 Å. The ability to bind potassium elements increased from 13.34% to 44.25%. Keywords: Fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, modified clay, slow-release fertilizer Abstrak Pelepasan pupuk kalium yang kurang efisien diakibatkan karena kalium yang mudah larut dalam air dan dapat dengan cepat tercuci dari zona perakaran terutama pada tanah berpasir. Pelapisan pupuk kalium dengan lempung dilakukan untuk menghasilkan produk pupuk dengan sifat pelepasan yang lebih lambat, sehingga akan meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisensi penggunaan pupuk kalium serta mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari proses pelapisan (coating) pupuk kalium dengan lempung termodifikasi sebagai pupuk lepas lambat. Modifikasi lempung dilakukan dengan aktivasi lempung dengan asam sulfat 1,5 M dan interkalasi dengan Benzal Konium Klorida (BKC). Sintesis pupuk slow-release fertilizer (SRF) mengunakan metode pencampuran dengan…
creator: P. Suarya
creator: I G. A. G. Bawa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 P. Suarya, I G. A. G. Bawa
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 108
ending page: 112
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i01.p14

KARAKTERISASI ETANOL HASIL FERMENTASI BERAS MERAH DAN KETAN MERAH DENGAN ANALISIS GC-FID
type: item
description: Red rice and red glutinous rice have a high total carbohydrate content, so they can be used as raw materials for making bioethanol by fermentation. This research aimed to determine the effect of adding a yeast mass of 5, 7, 9 g and a fermentation time of 3, 4, 5 days on the yield of ethanol produced. The method used consists of several stages, namely hydrolysis using the α-amylase enzyme, then fermentation. Determination of ethanol content using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The research used two factors, namely yeast mass and fermentation time, with 3 repetitions. The research data were analyzed using the two-way Anova test and the DMRT test (5%) to determine the real effect of each treatment. The results showed that adding variations in yeast mass and fermentation time had a significant effect on ethanol yield. The highest ethanol yield for red rice was in the treatment (M1W2) of 14.44% (v/v), while red sticky rice was in the treatment (M2W1) of 14.13% (v/v). Keywords: ethanol, fermentation, red rice, red sticky rice, yeast Abstrak Beras merah dan ketan merah memiliki kandungan karbohidrat yang tinggi sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan etanol secara fermentasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan massa ragi yaitu 5, 7, 9 g serta waktu fermentasi 3, 4, 5 hari terhadap rendemen etanol yang dihasilkan. Metode yang digunakan terdiri dari beberapa tahap yaitu hidrolisis menggunakan enzim α-amilase, kemudian difermentasi. Penentuan kadar etanol menggunakan kromatografi gas-detektor ionisasi nyala (GC-FID). Dalam penelitian menggunakan dua faktor yaitu massa ragi dan waktu fermentasi dengan 3 kali pengulangan. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji Anova dua jalur dan uji DMRT (5%) untuk mengetahui pengaruh nyata pada setiap perlakuan yang dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan variasi massa ragi dan waktu fermentasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap rendemen etanol. Rendemen etanol t…
creator: K. N. T. Putri
creator: A. A. I. A. M. Laksmiwati
creator: S. Wahjuni
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 K. N. T. Putri, A. A. I. A. M. Laksmiwati, S. Wahjuni
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 113
ending page: 122
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i01.p15

DESAIN PRIMER DAN ANALISIS SECARA IN SILICO UNTUK AMPLIFIKASI GEN embB Mycobacterium tuberculosis
type: item
description: First-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (OTD) consist of a combination of Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol. Although this regimen is effective, drug resistance, including resistance to Ethambutol, poses a significant challenge in tuberculosis control. Rapid detection of Ethambutol resistance is crucial for determining appropriate treatment regimens and preventing the spread of resistant TB strains. High-frequency resistance to Ethambutol is generally caused by mutations in the embB gene, particularly at mutation hotspots M306V (ATG to GTG) and Q497R (CAG to CGG) found in Ethambutol-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study aimed to obtain the best primer pair designed in silico using the Clone Manager Suite 12 program for use in the Real-Time PCR method. Primer design and analysis were conducted in silico, with specificity and sequence similarity assessed using Primer-BLAST against the NCBI database. The DNA template used for primer analysis was obtained from the NCBI database (accession number: MK579314.1), representing the embB gene sequence of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The results identified an optimal primer pair: forward primer 5'-ATTGCCCAGCTCCTCCTCAG-3' and reverse primer 5'-CGCCGCAACATGATGAACAC-3'. These primers met the criteria for ideal primer design in terms of length, melting temperature (Tm), GC content, stability, and minimal formation of hairpins, repeats, dimers, and runs. Specificity testing confirmed that the primers exclusively recognize M. tuberculosis, indicating their strong potential for rapid and specific detection of Ethambutol resistance in clinical samples. Keywords: Primer design, embB gene, in silico, M. tuberculosis, Ethambutol Resistance Abstrak Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT) lini pertama terdiri dari kombinasi Isoniazid, Rifampisin, Pirazinamid, dan Ethambutol. Meskipun terapi ini efektif, resistensi terhadap obat, termasuk Ethambutol, menjadi tantangan serius dalam pengendalian TB. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan deteksi c…
creator: T. V. Putri
creator: S. C. Yowani
creator: I G. A. A. Septiari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 T. V. Putri, S. C. Yowani, I G. A. A. Septiari
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 123
ending page: 128
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i01.p16

KARAKTERISASI KITOSAN CANGKANG KERANG METI DARI SUNGAI LA’A KECAMATAN PETASIA KABUPATEN MOROWALI UTARA
type: item
description: Shells of Meti (Batissa violacea) are a species that contains chitosan, which can be utilized in various fields depending on its degree of deacetylation. This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions (concentration, temperature, ratio (b/v), and time) for each stage of producing chitin and chitosan, as well as to analyze their characteristics. The process of making chitosan consists of three main stages: deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation. The characterization of chitin and chitosan includes tests for water content, ash content, total nitrogen (N-total), and the degree of deacetylation (DD), which are assessed using an FTIR spectrophotometer. The research findings indicate that the optimal conditions for deproteination are a 2.5% NaOH concentration, a reaction temperature of 60°C, a ratio of 1:10 (b/v), and a reaction time of 90 minutes. During the demineralization stage, the optimal conditions are a 1 M HCl concentration, a reaction temperature of 70°C, a ratio of 1:10 (b/v), and a time of 90 minutes. For the deacetylation stage, the optimal conditions are a 40% NaOH concentration, a reaction temperature of 80°C, a ratio of 1:10 (b/v), and a time of 240 minutes. The characterization results for optimum chitin show a water content of 0.41%, ash content of 0.79%, N-total of 1.66%, and a DD of 63.27%. In contrast, the characterization results for chitosan reveal a water content of 0.2%, ash content of 0.88%, N-total of 5.48%, and a DD of 77.31%. Keywords: characterization; mussel; chitosan; optimization Abstrak Kerang meti (Batissa violacea L.) merupakan sumber kitin yang berpotensi untuk diolah menjadi kitosan, yang aplikasinya luas tergantung pada tingkat derajat deasetilasi (DD). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kondisi optimal dalam proses produksi kitin dan kitosan yang meliputi tahap deproteinasi, demineralisasi, dan deasetilasi serta menganalisis karakteristik produk yang dihasilkan, seperti kadar air, kadar abu, kandungan nitro…
creator: Y. Yuyun
creator: . Jamaluddin
creator: A. P. Zainal
creator: H. Abunawar
creator: N. K. Sumarni
creator: D. T. Tobigo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Y. Yuyun, . Jamaluddin, A. P. Zainal, H. Abunawar, N. K. Sumarni, D. T. Tobigo
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 129
ending page: 136
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i01.p17

POTENSI EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN GAMAL (Gliricidia sepium) SEBAGAI GREEN INHIBITOR KOROSI PADA BAJA KARBON ST 37 DALAM MEDIA HCl 3,0% DAN NaCl 3,0%
type: item
description: Corrosion causes a decrease in the quality of metals, especially carbon steel, so preventive measures are needed, one of which is through the use of environmentally friendly natural inhibitors. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of methanol extract of gamal leaves (Gliricidia sepium) as a corrosion inhibitor on ST 37 carbon steel in 3.0% HCl and 3.0% NaCl media. The method used is weight loss with variations in inhibitor concentrations of 0; 5; and 10% and immersion times of 4, 8, 12, and 16 days. The results showed that the optimum inhibitor concentration was 5%, with the highest inhibition efficiency of 95.97% in 3.0% HCl media and 86.87% in 3.0% NaCl media. The corrosion rate in HCl media was higher and more effective than NaCl. The results of the morphological analysis of steel without an inhibitor showed damage in the form of cracks and holes, while with 5–10% inhibitor, the steel surface appeared smoother. EDX results showed that steel without an inhibitor had high oxygen levels and low iron levels due to the formation of iron oxide, while steel with gamal leaf extract showed decreased oxygen levels and increased Fe levels. These results indicate the formation of a protective layer that prevents oxidation and reduces the corrosion rate, making it effective as a green inhibitor. Keywords: ST 37 carbon steel, methanol extract of gamal leaves (Gliricidia sepium), green inhibitor, corrosion Abstrak Korosi menyebabkan penurunan kualitas logam, khususnya baja karbon, sehingga diperlukan upaya pencegahan, salah satunya melalui penggunaan inhibitor alami yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas ekstrak metanol daun gamal (Gliricidia sepium) sebagai inhibitor korosi pada baja karbon ST 37 dalam media HCl 3,0% dan NaCl 3,0%. Metode yang digunakan adalah weight loss dengan variasi konsentrasi inhibitor 0; 5; dan 10% serta waktu perendaman 4; 8; 12; dan 16 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi optimum inhibitor sebesar 5…
creator: P. E. S. Dewi
creator: I. A. R. A. Asih
creator: A. J. Y. A. Wijana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 P. E. S. Dewi, I. A. R. A. Asih, A. J. Y. A. Wijana
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 137
ending page: 143
doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2026.v20.i01.p18