A LITERATURE REVIEW : HIP DYSPLASIA IN DOGS

Abstract

Hip dysplasia is a common orthopedic disorder affecting dogs. It can be caused by various factors, such as genetics, growth rate, lifestyle, and trauma. This literature review aims to compare clinical signs and symptoms, maintenance examinations, radiological images, treatment, and therapy from various national and international literature on hip dysplasia in dogs. Literature was identified through Pubmed and Google scholar using the keywords “hip dysplasia in dogs case report” and “hip luxation in dogs case report,” with articles published between 2020 and 2023 selected as supporting references. The four cases involved dogs of different breeds, ages, and body weights and presented with varying clinical manifestations, including hind-limb lameness, difficulty bearing weight, reluctance to move, abnormal gait, difficulty climbing stairs, and muscle atrophy. Radiographic examination revealed abnormalities including hip joint incongruity, shallow acetabula, femoral head flattening, chronic craniodorsal hip luxation, osteoarthritis, and osteophyte formation. The therapeutic approaches varied according to the clinical condition and severity of the cases, including underwater treadmill (UWT) therapy, total hip replacement (THR), femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHO), and conservative management involving weight control, analgesic therapy, and chondroprotective supplementation. Overall, the findings indicate that clinical and radiographic evaluation is essential for determining the severity of hip disorders and selecting appropriate treatment. Individualized management based on disease severity and clinical condition is important to reduce clinical signs, maintain mobility, and improve the quality of life of affected dogs