Quality of Etawa Goat Milk (Capra aegagrus hircus) Based on pH Test, Reduction Test, and TPC Test at Raka Etawa Farm, Singapadu Kaler Village, Sukawati, Gianyar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24843/JVAS.2026.v08.i01.p04Keywords:
Milk, pH test, Reductase test, Total bacterial plate count (TPC)Abstract
Milk is a nutritious animal-based food product and an essential source of calcium for the human body. This study aims to evaluate the quality of Peranakan Etawa (Capra aegagrus hircus) goat milk from Raka Etawa Farm, Singapadu Kaler Village, Sukawati Subdistrict, Gianyar Regency, based on pH test, reductase test, and Total Bacterial Plate Count (TPC) test. The research utilized 13 milk samples collected from lactating goats. The methodology involved measuring pH using a calibrated pH meter, performing a reductase test by observing the decolorization of methylene blue solution to assess microbial activity, and conducting the TPC test through serial dilution and nutrient agar cultivation techniques. The pH values of all samples ranged from 6.49 to 6.58, falling within the SNI 3141.1.2011 standard for fresh milk (6.3–6.8), indicating good freshness. The reductase test results showed a reduction time between 330–450 minutes (average 390 minutes), exceeding the minimum threshold of 2 hours and suggesting low microbial activity and good hygienic practices. However, the TPC test revealed an average bacterial count of 8.41 log cfu/mL, which surpassed the maximum allowable limit of 6.0 log cfu/mL, indicating microbial contamination. Pearson correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between pH, reductase time, and TPC (p > 0.05). In conclusion, although the milk meets freshness standards in terms of acidity and reductase time, it does not comply with microbiological standards due to high bacterial counts. Therefore, efforts to improve sanitation and milking hygiene are necessary. It is recommended that future research involve a larger sample size and multiple farm locations, and include additional quality tests to provide a more comprehensive analysis of goat milk quality
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