MULTIFUNCTIONALITY OF PADDY FIELDS AND THREATS TO THE SUSTAINABILITY OF TRADITIONAL SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS IN BALI

Authors

  • I Wayan Budiasa Master Program in Sustainable Finance and Development, Udayana University, Indonesia
  • Avantika Singh Department of Political Science, University of Delhi, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24843/JSFD.2026.v01.i01.p02

Keywords:

agribusiness cooperative, paddy fields multifunctionality, socio-ecological system, subak irrigation system, sustainable tourism destination

Abstract

The Subak system in Bali faces an existential threat due to agricultural modernisation and massive land conversion triggered by mass tourism. Using a descriptive qualitative approach through in-depth critical reviews and field interviews in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Landscape, this study aims to analyze the multifunctional spectrum of paddy fields; evaluate farmers' perceptions to the dual roles of subak system; assess an adaptive model of agribusiness cooperative integration into subak system; and develop Multiaspect Sustainability Analysis (MSA) frameworks for assessing the sustainability of rice farming systems. The results of the analysis show that the traditional paddy fields play a broad range of multifunctional roles, but its existence is seriously threatened by the pressure of other sector and economic inequality. The farmers' perceptions are relatively good (80.48%), with a high level of knowledge (74.86%) and a strongly agree attitude (86.09%) towards institutional strengthening. As an adaptive solution, the Cooperative of Jatiluwih Kertha Agroecotourism was successfully integrated to manage a modern supply chain without destroying the area's authentic value. This research provides a scientific contribution in the form of an operational blueprint and holistic policy recommendations to ensure the sustainability of traditional socio-ecological systems from the marginalization of the global tourism industry.

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Published

2026-06-05

How to Cite

I Wayan Budiasa, & Avantika Singh. (2026). MULTIFUNCTIONALITY OF PADDY FIELDS AND THREATS TO THE SUSTAINABILITY OF TRADITIONAL SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS IN BALI. Journal of Sustainable Finance and Development, 1(1), 18–32. https://doi.org/10.24843/JSFD.2026.v01.i01.p02

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE FINANCE AND DEVELOPMENT

Section

Articles

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Copyright (c) 2026 I Wayan Budiasa, Avantika Singh

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