KAJIAN HUKUM TERHADAP UPAYA PENCEGAHAN PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN AKIBAT LIMBAH RUMAH SAKIT

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaturan hukum terkait upaya pencegahan pencemaran lingkungan akibat limbah rumah sakit dan juga sanksi hukum yang dapat diterapkan Pemerintah kepada pihak pengelola Rumah Sakit apabila terjadi pencemaran lingkungan akibat limbah yang dihasilkan. Adapun metode penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan jenis pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat diketahui pengaturan hukum terkait upaya pencegahan pencemaran lingkungan akibat limbah rumah sakit telah diatur diberbagai peraturan perundang-undangan, salah satunya diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Terdapat 6 (enam) tahapan yang mengatur mengenai upaya pencegahan pencemaran lingkungan akibat limbah rumah sakit, yaitu perencanaan; pemanfaatan; pengendalian; pemeliharaan; pengawasan; dan penegakan hukum (6P).Terkait sanksi hukum yang dapat diterapkan oleh Pemerintah kepada pihak pengelola Rumah Sakit adalah melalui sanksi hukum administrasi berupa teguran tertulis, paksaan pemerintah, pembekuan izin lingkungan dan/atau izin perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup, serta pencabutan izin lingkungan dan/atau izin perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup. Hal tersebut sebagaimana tertuang dalam Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 2 Tahun 2013 Tentang Pedoman Penerapan Sanksi Administratif di Bidang Perlindungan Dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Selain itu, terdapat pula sanksi perdata dan sanksi pidana. Pemberian sanksi tersebut disesuaikan dengan tingkatan kesalahan maupun pelanggaran pencemaran lingkungannya.

ABSTRACT

This research aims to determine the legal regulations related to efforts to prevent environmental pollution due to hospital waste and also the legal sanctions that the Government can apply to hospital managers if environmental pollution occurs due to the waste produced. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach. From the results of this research, it can be seen that legal regulations related to efforts to prevent environmental pollution due to hospital waste have been regulated in various laws and regulations, one of which is regulated in Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. There are 6 (six) stages that regulate efforts to prevent environmental pollution due to hospital waste, namely planning; utilization; control; maintenance; supervision; and law enforcement (6P). Regarding legal sanctions that can be applied by the Government to Hospital management, these are through administrative legal sanctions in the form of written warnings, government coercion, freezing of environmental permits and/or environmental protection and management permits, as well as revocation of environmental permits and /or environmental protection and management permits. This is as stated in the Minister of Environment Regulation Number 2 of 2013 concerning Guidelines for Implementing Administrative Sanctions in the Field of Environmental Protection and Management. Apart from that, there are also civil sanctions and criminal sanctions. The imposition of sanctions is adjusted to the level of error or violation of environmental pollution.