Efisiensi Penggunaan Air Irigasi pada Tingkat Subak, Tempekan, dan Petakan Sawah.

Authors

  • Teresia Dimu Program Studi Teknik Pertanian dan Biosistem, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Udayana, Badung, Bali, Indonesia
  • I Wayan Tika Program Studi Teknik Pertanian dan Biosistem, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Udayana, Badung, Bali, Indonesia
  • I Made Supartha Utama Program Studi Teknik Pertanian dan Biosistem, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Udayana, Badung, Bali, Indonesia

Keywords:

Efisiensi, Distribusi air irigasi, Subak, Tempekan, Petakan sawah

Abstract

Efisiensi merupakan salah satu metode untuk manajemen irigasi melalui kebutuhan air irigasi dan pemanfaatan ketersediaan air irigasi. Efisiensi yang rendah menunjukkan adanya pemborosan sumber daya air dan pengelolaan distribusi yang kurang optimal. Distribusi air pada tingkat subak, tempekan dan petakan yang tidak  merata dan tidak sesuai sehingga menyebabkan tidak efisiennya penggunaan air. Tujuan penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui efisiensi penggunaan air irigasi pada tingkat subak, tempekan dan petakan sawah serta untuk mendapatkan debit realokasi sehingga diperoleh nilai efisiensi yang lebih tinggi. Lokasi penelitian berada di Subak Suala, Subak Sigaran, dan Subak Jegu, yang termasuk dalam wilayah Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Tukad Yeh Ho, Kabupaten Tabanan, Provinsi Bali. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode experimental dengan mengumpulkan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer meliputi hasil ketersediaan air irigasi melalui pengukuran debit air di subak, tempekan dan sawah irigasi. Data sekunder diperoleh dari Nasa Power, BMKG Meteorologi I Gusti Ngurah Rai, dan Pekaseh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efisiensi penggunaan air irigasi di Subak Suala, Sigaran, dan Jegu tergolong agak kurang pada semua tingkatan. Pada tingkat subak, Subak Suala mencapai 36,37%, Sigaran 33,41%, dan Jegu 47,67%. Di tingkat tempekan, Subak Suala mencatat T1 26,99% dan T2 26,07%, Subak Sigaran T1 20,13% dan T2 17,24%, serta Subak Jegu T1 18,73% dan T2 17,29%. Pada tingkat petakan, Subak Suala menunjukkan P1 11,93%, P2 16,92%, P3 12,59%; Subak Sigaran P1 17,74%, P2 11,86%, P3 6,09%; dan Subak Jegu P1 15,22%, P2 16,20%, P3 19,43%. Strategi realokasi debit air berbasis kebutuhan aktual, luas lahan, posisi sumber air, kondisi jaringan irigasi, dan fase pertumbuhan tanaman diperlukan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi menjadi 50-65% di tingkat subak.

Kata kunci: Efisiensi, Distribusi Air Irigasi, Subak, Tempekan, Petakan Sawah

 

Efficiency is one method for irrigation management through irrigation water needs and utilization of irrigation water availability. Low efficiency indicates waste of water resources and suboptimal distribution management. Water distribution at the subak, tempekan, and plot levels is uneven and inappropriate, resulting in inefficient water use. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of irrigation water use at the subak, tempekan, and paddy field levels and to obtain reallocation discharges to obtain higher efficiency values. The research location was in Subak Suala, Subak Sigaran, and Subak Jegu, which are included in the Tukad Yeh Ho Watershed (DAS), Tabanan Regency, Bali Province. This study was conducted using an experimental method by collecting primary and secondary data. Primary data includes the results of irrigation water availability through water discharge measurements in subak, tempekan, and irrigated paddy fields. Secondary data were obtained from Nasa Power, BMKG Meteorology I Gusti Ngurah Rai, and Pekaseh. The results showed that the efficiency of irrigation water use in Subak Suala, Sigaran, and Jegu is classified as somewhat low at all levels. At the subak level, Subak Suala reached 36.37%, Sigaran 33.41%, and Jegu 47.67%. At the tempekan level, Subak Suala recorded T1 of 26.99% and T2 of 26.07%, Subak Sigaran T1 of 20.13% and T2 of 17.24%, and Subak Jegu T1 of 18.73% and T2 of 17.29%. At the plot level, Subak Suala showed P1 of 11.93%, P2 of 16.92%, P3 of 12.59%; Subak Sigaran P1 of 17.74%, P2 of 11.86%, P3 of 6.09%; and Subak Jegu P1 of 15.22%, P2 of 16.20%, P3 of 19.43%. A water discharge reallocation strategy based on actual needs, land area, water source position, irrigation network conditions, and plant growth phases is needed to increase efficiency to 50-65% at the subak level.

 

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Published

2025-11-27

How to Cite

Dimu, T., Tika, I. W., & Supartha Utama, I. M. (2025). Efisiensi Penggunaan Air Irigasi pada Tingkat Subak, Tempekan, dan Petakan Sawah. Jurnal BETA (Biosistem Dan Teknik Pertanian), 14(1). Retrieved from https://ejournal3.unud.ac.id/index.php/beta/article/view/1075

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Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Inpress

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Copyright (c) 2025 Teresia Dimu, I Wayan Tika, I Made Supartha Utama

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