Correction and Retraction

Policy Statement
Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum values every effort and hard work of authors in preparing and refining manuscripts, including their willingness to follow all peer-review stages established by the journal. Nevertheless, under certain circumstances, published articles may be subject to actions such as removal or retraction. Actions involving correction, clarification, retraction, or the issuance of an apology may be taken if there are underlying reasons, particularly if a violation of publication ethics is discovered.

Each of these actions is carried out under strict procedures and criteria to maintain the integrity, credibility, and reliability of the journal's electronic archive. In executing this policy, Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum is committed to preserving the quality, integrity, and completeness of scientific documents that serve as information sources for researchers and librarians.

Article Retraction
Article retraction may occur if there are indications that an article violates scientific principles or publication ethics. Such violations include simultaneous submission of a manuscript to more than one publisher (double submission), improper authorship claims, plagiarism, unauthorized data manipulation or usage, inclusion of fictitious authors, and other forms of scientific or ethical misconduct. Retraction may also be pursued if necessary to correct errors that occurred during the submission stage or after article publication. A retraction action may be initiated at the author's request or based on an Editorial decision, taking into account the considerations of the Editorial Board of Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum.

Forms of article retraction that may be applied by Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum include:
1. If indications of a scientific code of ethics violation are identified prior to publication, the Editor will return the manuscript to the author accompanied by a retraction letter issued by the Editor-in-Chief;
2. If a violation of the scientific code of ethics is only discovered after publication, retraction may be executed through the following mechanisms:
   a. The landing page of the online article will display a retraction note. Readers will be directed to this page before being able to access the article content;
   b. The original version of the article remains available without substantial changes, but every page of the PDF file will be watermarked indicating that the article has been retracted;
   c. The HTML version of the article will be removed from the journal's online system.

To ensure that every retraction is executed in accordance with best practices in scientific publishing and in alignment with COPE Retraction Guidelines, Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum implements the following steps:
1. Allegations or issues regarding an article are submitted to the Journal Editor for follow-up;
2. The Journal Editor conducts an investigation following the steps outlined in the COPE flowcharts, including evaluating responses from the author(s) concerned;
3. Before a final decision is reached, the Editor's report and findings are submitted to the Editorial Board of Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum to obtain considerations and recommendations regarding related ethical aspects. This step ensures consistency in decision-making and adherence to publication ethics principles;
4. The final decision regarding retraction is communicated to the author(s) and, if deemed necessary, to other relevant stakeholders, including the author's affiliated institution;
5. A Retraction Statement is published online and included in the next available issue of the journal.

Article Withdrawal
Article withdrawal may be performed if there are errors in the initial version of a manuscript or if the manuscript was accidentally submitted more than once to Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum and/or other publishers. Withdrawal may also occur if the article contains elements of scientific ethics violations, including double submission, improper authorship claims, plagiarism, self-plagiarism, fraudulent or unauthorized data usage, or other violations.

If authors realize that their article contains violations of the code of ethics, they may request an article withdrawal by submitting a withdrawal statement letter to the Editorial Board of Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum.

Article Correction
Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum may publish corrections to an article under certain circumstances, including:
1. Errors are found in a small part of a publication that otherwise remains reliable, including inaccurate data or potentially misleading information, particularly when resulting from unintentional mistakes;
2. Inaccuracies exist in the author or contributor list, such as an individual who meets authorship criteria not being listed as an author, or an individual who does not meet authorship criteria being listed as an author.

Corrections to articles that have undergone peer review are classified into three forms:
1. Publisher Correction (Erratum): Published to inform readers of a significant error made by the publisher or journal staff, typically arising from the production process. Such errors may impact the publication record, the scientific integrity of the article, or the reputation of the authors or the journal;
2. Author Correction (Corrigendum): Published when a significant error originates from the authors and impacts the publication record, the scientific integrity of the article, or the reputation of the authors or the journal;
3. Addendum: Additional information or material provided by the authors to explain inconsistencies, supplement or expand upon the published work, or update information contained in the main article.

Determining whether a correction needs to be published falls under the authority of the Journal Editor. In the decision-making process, the Editor may consider input from Reviewers or members of the Editorial Board as necessary. The Editor in charge of the article will seek clarification from the author regarding the issues identified. Nevertheless, the final decision regarding the need for and the appropriate type of correction rests solely with the Editor.

Article Removal: Legal Limitations
Removal of an article from the online database of Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum is conducted only under very limited circumstances with clear legal grounds. Such actions may be taken if the article contains defamatory material, is fraudulent or fabricated, infringes upon the legal rights of others, must be removed pursuant to a court order, or poses a potential threat to national security.

In the event that an article is removed for legal reasons, the article's metadata, including the title and author names, will be retained in the journal database. Meanwhile, the body of the article will be replaced with a notice explaining that the article has been removed for legal reasons.

Article Replacement
If a published article poses a serious risk if used or acted upon, the author may request the retraction of the problematic version to be replaced with a corrected version.

Under such conditions, retraction procedures still apply. However, the retraction notice in the journal database will include a link to the corrected, republished version of the article, along with a document revision history indicating the updates made to the article.