URGENSI PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP TENAGA HONORER INSTANSI PEMERINTAHAN YANG TIDAK LOLOS DALAM SELEKSI PPPK

Abstract

Studi ini bertujuan menganalisis kedudukan hukum tenaga honorer yang tidak lolos seleksi Pegawai Pemerintah dengan Perjanjian Kerja (PPPK) serta merumuskan bentuk perlindungan hukum yang layak pascapenataan non-ASN menurut UU 20/2023. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (UU 20/2023, PP 49/2018, UU 24/2011), pendekatan konseptual (doktrin perlindungan hukum Satjipto Rahardjo; Philipus M. Hadjon), dan telaah putusan (MK No. 119/PUU-XXII/2024), dilengkapi kebijakan administratif (Keputusan MenPANRB No. 15 dan 16 Tahun 2025). Temuan menunjukkan: (1) honorer yang tidak lolos tetap berada dalam kerangka penataan ASN; peluang keterserapan terbuka melalui skema PPPK, termasuk PPPK Paruh Waktu—dan/atau pola outsourcing di bawah rezim ketenagakerjaan; (2) perlindungan preventif mencakup pendataan berbasis BKN, larangan rekrutmen honorer baru, pengakuan administratif, standar pengupahan minimum, serta jaminan sosial; (3) perlindungan represif tersedia melalui jalur PTUN/PHI terhadap tindakan sewenang-wenang; (4) namun dasar hukum PPPK Paruh Waktu yang bertumpu pada keputusan menteri menimbulkan celah kepastian dan kesetaraan, sehingga efektivitas perlindungan, khususnya represif belum kokoh. Studi merekomendasikan penguatan landasan normatif setingkat UU/PP dan harmonisasi standar perlindungan agar sejalan dengan asas kepastian, keadilan, dan meritokrasi.

ABSTRACT

This study examines the legal status of honorary personnel (non-ASN) who fail the PPPK selection and formulates appropriate legal protections after the restructuring mandated by Law 20/2023. It employs a normative legal method using a statute approach (Law 20/2023, Gov. Reg. 49/2018, Law 24/2011), a conceptual approach (legal-protection doctrines of Satjipto Rahardjo and Philipus M. Hadjon), and case analysis (Constitutional Court Decision No. 119/PUU-XXII/2024), complemented by administrative policies (Ministry of PANRB Decrees No. 15 and 16 of 2025). Findings indicate: (1) unsuccessful honorary workers remain within the ASN restructuring track, with absorption channels via PPPK, including part-time PPPK and/or outsourcing under labor law; (2) preventive protection includes BKN, based registration, a ban on new honorary hiring, administrative recognition, minimum wage standards, and social security; (3) repressive protection is available through administrative and industrial-relations courts against arbitrary acts; (4) however, the part-time PPPK scheme relies on ministerial decrees, creating gaps in legal certainty and equality, which weakens enforcement, especially the repressive track. The study recommends elevating the legal basis to statute/regulation level and harmonizing protection standards to align with certainty, justice, and meritocratic governance.