VIRTUAL TO FACTUAL: ONLINE ARBITRAL AWARDS ANNULLED BY THE COURT

Authors

  • Marshanda Juwita Ezter Limpong Faculty of Law, Tarumanagara University
  • Gatot P. Soemartono Faculty of Law, Tarumanagara University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24843/KS.2025.v13.i11.p09

Keywords:

Online Arbitration, Arbitral Annulment, Arbitration Law

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekosongan regulasi dan tantangan pembuktian dalam pembatalan putusan arbitrase melalui arbitrase daring serta dampaknya terhadap kepastian hukum di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan menelaah Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 tentang Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa (UU Arbitrase). Pendekatan komparatif juga digunakan untuk membandingkan standar dan praktik internasional yang relevan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa regulasi yang ada belum mengatur keabsahan persidangan daring, standar otentikasi dokumen digital, dan mekanisme pembatalan putusan yang spesifik untuk Online Dispute Resolution (ODR). Temuan utama menunjukkan kompleksitas pembuktian pelanggaran prosedural dalam lingkungan virtual semakin diperparah oleh adopsi kecerdasan artifisial dan kurangnya standar autentikasi bukti digital. Artikel ini merekomendasikan solusi berupa amendemen undang-undang, adopsi standar internasional, dan pemanfaatan teknologi untuk menciptakan kepastian hukum serta memperkuat legitimasi putusan arbitrase daring.

This study aims to analyze regulatory gaps and evidentiary challenges in the annulment of arbitration awards through online arbitration and its impact on legal certainty in Indonesia. This study uses a normative legal approach and examines Law No. 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution (Arbitration Law). A comparative approach is also used to compare relevant international standards and practices. The results of this study indicate that existing regulations do not yet regulate the validity of online trials, digital document authentication standards, or specific mechanisms for overturning ODR decisions. The main findings show that the complexity of proving procedural violations in a virtual environment is exacerbated by the adoption of artificial intelligence and the lack of harmonized digital evidence authentication standards. This article recommends solutions in the form of amendments to the law, the adoption of international standards, and the use of technology to create legal certainty and strengthen the legitimacy of online arbitration decisions.

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Published

2025-12-02

How to Cite

Marshanda Juwita Ezter Limpong, and Gatot P. Soemartono. 2025. “VIRTUAL TO FACTUAL: ONLINE ARBITRAL AWARDS ANNULLED BY THE COURT”. Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum 13 (11):2536-52. https://doi.org/10.24843/KS.2025.v13.i11.p09.

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