URGENSI MEMBANGUN MODEL IDEAL PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELANGGARAN HAK CIPTA DI ERA DIGITAL

Abstract

Perkembangan teknologi digital telah membawa tantangan serius terhadap perlindungan dan penegakan hukum di bidang Hak Cipta di Indonesia. Pelanggaran hak cipta kini semakin kompleks, mencakup penggandaan tanpa izin, distribusi konten ilegal melalui platform daring, serta penyalahgunaan karya di media sosial yang mengakibatkan kerugian ekonomi serta pelanggaran hak moral pencipta. Secara normatif, instrumen hukum yang mengatur perlindungan Hak Cipta sudah cukup memadai, seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta dan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik beserta perubahannya. Namun, secara empiris, penegakan hukum menghadapi berbagai kendala, antara lain kesulitan pembuktian elektronik, keterbatasan sumber daya aparat, lemahnya regulasi teknis, rendahnya kesadaran hukum masyarakat, serta minimnya kerja sama internasional. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan perlunya model penegakan hukum yang ideal yang bersifat integratif, adaptif, dan responsif terhadap perkembangan teknologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pelaksanaan penegakan hukum terhadap pelanggaran Hak Cipta di era digital dan mengidentifikasi urgensi pembangunan model penegakan hukum yang ideal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus, yang berfokus pada analisis norma hukum positif serta teori hukum Friedman, Rawls, dan Rahardjo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem hukum Indonesia masih menghadapi kendala dari aspek substansi, struktur, dan budaya hukum, termasuk lemahnya koordinasi antar-lembaga, rendahnya literasi hukum masyarakat, dan keterbatasan kemampuan teknis aparat. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, disimpulkan bahwa model penegakan hukum yang ideal harus bersifat integratif, adaptif, preventif, dan responsif terhadap perkembangan teknologi, sehingga dapat menjamin perlindungan hak pencipta, kepastian hukum, dan penguatan industri kreatif nasional.

The development of digital technology has brought serious challenges to the protection and enforcement of copyright law in Indonesia. Copyright infringement is now increasingly complex, including unauthorized copying, distribution of illegal content through online platforms, and misuse of works on social media, resulting in economic losses and violations of the moral rights of creators. Normatively, the legal instruments governing copyright protection are adequate, such as Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright and Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions and its amendments. However, empirically, law enforcement faces various obstacles, including difficulties in electronic evidence, limited resources of officials, weak technical regulations, low public legal awareness, and minimal international cooperation. These conditions indicate the need for an ideal law enforcement model that is integrative, adaptive, and responsive to technological developments. This study aims to analyze the implementation of law enforcement against copyright infringement in the digital era and identify the urgency of developing an ideal law enforcement model. The research method used is normative juridical with a legislative, conceptual, and case approach, focusing on the analysis of positive legal norms and the legal theories of Friedman, Rawls, and Rahardjo. The results of the study show that the Indonesian legal system still faces obstacles in terms of substance, structure, and legal culture, including weak coordination between institutions, low legal literacy among the public, and limited technical capabilities of officials. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the ideal law enforcement model must be integrative, adaptive, preventive, and responsive to technological developments, so as to guarantee the protection of creators' rights, legal certainty, and the strengthening of the national creative industry.